نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 هئیت علمی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
2 کارشناس ارشد روان شناسی
3 کارشناس ارشد روان شناسی تربیتی
چکیده
چکیده
هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی خصوصیات روان‌سنجی پرسشنامه پنج عاملی شخصیت برای کودکان-فرم کوتاه بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را کلیه دانش آموزان پایه‌های تحصیلی ششم، هفتم، هشتم و نهم شهرستان اردبیل تشکیل می‌داد. از این میان 450 نفر نمونه به روش خوشه‌گیری چند‌مرحله‌ای انتخاب شد. برای جمع آوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه پنج عامل شخصیت برای کودکان-فرم کوتاه (مارکوس و کوکینوس، 2017) و پرسشنامه شخصیت آیزنک-فرم کودکان و نوجوانان (1975) استفاده شد. جهت بررسی پایایی پرسشنامه از ضریب همسانی درونی و جهت بررسی روایی پرسشنامه از روایی همگرا، تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تأییدی استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از ضریب همسانی درونی نشان داد که این مقیاس از پایایی مناسبی برخوردار است (هوشیاری 75/0، عقلانیت/گشودگی 87/0، پذیرش 72/0، بی ثباتی هیجانی 88/0، برون گرایی/ انرژی 83/0). نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی نشان داد که پنج عامل هوشیاری، عقلانیت/گشودگی، پذیرش، بی‌ثباتی هیجانی و برون گرایی/انرژی 77/66 درصد از واریانس کل را تبیین می‌کنند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی نشان داد که این مقیاس از برازش مناسبی برخوردار است (96/0=CFI، 95/0=TLI، 94/0=RFI و 057/0=RMSEA)؛ بنابراین می‌توان نتیجه گرفت این پرسشنامه ابزار مناسبی جهت ارزیابی مدل پنج عاملی شخصیت در کودکان و نوجوانان است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
حبیبی آرش؛ عدن‌ور، مریم. کتاب مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی، چاپ اول: 1396
قاسمی، وحید. (1392). مدل سازی معادله ساختاری در پژوهش‌های اجتماعی با کاربرد Amos Graphics. انتشارات جامعه شناسان
Akse, J., Hale, B., Engels, R., Raaijmakers, Q., & Meeus, W. (2007). Co‐occurrence of depression and delinquency in personality types. European Journal of Personality: Published for the European Association of Personality Psychology, 21(2), 235-256.
Atherton, O. E., Tackett, J. L., Ferrer, E., & Robins, R. W. (2017). Bidirectional pathways between relational aggression and temperament from late childhood to adolescence. Journal of research in personality, 67, 75-84.
Bailey, C. A., & Ostrov, J. M. (2008). Differentiating forms and functions of aggression in emerging adults: Associations with hostile attribution biases and normative beliefs. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37(6), 713-722.
Barbaranelli, C., Fida, R., Paciello, M., Di Giunta, L., & Caprara, G. V. (2008). Assessing personality in early adolescence through self-report and other-ratings a multitrait-multimethod analysis of the BFQ-C. Personality and Individual differences, 44(4), 876-886.
Barkley, R. A. (2003). Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder. In E. J. March, & R. A. Barkely (Eds.), Child Psychopathology (2nd ed.). New York, NY: The Guilford Press (pp. 75-143).
Barlett, C. P., & Anderson, C. A. (2012). Direct and indirect relations between the Big 5 personality traits and aggressive and violent behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(8), 870-875.
Beatton, T., & Frijters, P. (2012). Unhappy Young Australian: A domain approach to explain life satisfaction change in children. QUT School of Economics and Finance (Working/Discussion Paper# 289 August).
Caspi, A., Roberts, B. W., & Shiner, R. L. (2005). Personality development: Stability and change. Annu. Rev. Psychol., 56, 453-484.
Caspi, A., Roberts, B. W., & Shiner, R. L. (2005). Personality development: Stability and change. Annu. Rev. Psychol., 56, 453-484.
Cooper, M. L., Agocha, V. B., & Sheldon, M. S. (2000). A motivational perspective on risky behaviors: The role of personality and affect regulatory processes. Journal of personality, 68(6), 1059-1088.
De Fruyt, F., De Bolle, M., McCrae, R. R., Terracciano, A., Costa Jr, P. T., & Collaborators of the Adolescent Personality Profiles of Cultures Project. (2009). Assessing the universal structure of personality in early adolescence: The NEO-PI-R and NEO-PI-3 in 24 cultures. Assessment, 16(3), 301-311.
De Fruyt, F., Mervielde, I., Hoekstra, H. A., & Rolland, J. P. (2000). Assessing adolescents' personality with the NEO PI-R. Assessment, 7(4), 329-345.
de Haan, A., De Pauw, S., van den Akker, A., Deković, M., & Prinzie, P. (2017). Long‐Term Developmental Changes in Children's Lower‐Order Big Five Personality Facets. Journal of personality, 85(5), 616-631.
De Pauw, S. S., & Mervielde, I. (2010). Temperament, personality and developmental psychopathology: A review based on the conceptual dimensions underlying childhood traits. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 41(3), 313-329.
DeYoung, C. G., Hirsh, J. B., Shane, M. S., Papademetris, X., Rajeevan, N., & Gray, J. R. (2010). Testing predictions from personality neuroscience: Brain structure and the big five. Psychological science, 21(6), 820-828.
Ehrler, D. J., Evans, J. G., & McGhee, R. L. (1999). Extending Big‐Five theory into childhood: A preliminary investigation into the relationship between Big‐Five personality traits and behavior problems in children. Psychology in the Schools, 36(6), 451-458.
Eklund, J. M., Liljeberg, J. F., & Af Klinteberg, B. (2011). Delinquent behaviour patterns in adolescence: Development and associated personality traits. Personality and mental Health, 5(3), 169-185.
Else-Quest, N. M., Hyde, J. S., Goldsmith, H. H., & Van Hulle, C. A. (2006). Gender differences in temperament: a meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin, 132(1), 33.
Gaio, V. M. (2012). Psychometric properties of the big five questionnaire-children (BFQ-C) in American adolescents (Master's thesis, Arizona State University).
Garber, J. (1984). Classification of childhood psychopathology: A developmental perspective. Child Development, 30-48.
Gjerde, P. F., & Cardilla, K. (2009). Developmental implications of openness to experience in preschool children: Gender differences in young adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 45(5), 1455.
Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternative" description of personality": the big-five factor structure. Journal of personality and social psychology, 59(6), 1216.
Goldner, L., & Scharf, M. (2013). Attachment security, personality, and adjustment of elementary school children. The Journal of genetic psychology, 174(5), 473-493.
Grumm, M., & von Collani, G. (2009). Personality types and self-reported aggressiveness. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 845-850.
Halverson, C. F., Havill, V. L., Deal, J., Baker, S. R., Victor, J. B., Pavlopoulos, V., ... & Wen, L. (2003). Personality structure as derived from parental ratings of free descriptions of children: The Inventory of Child Individual Differences. Journal of Personality, 71(6), 995-1026.
Hartmann, A. S., Czaja, J., Rief, W., & Hilbert, A. (2010). Personality and psychopathology in children with and without loss of control over eating. Comprehensive psychiatry, 51(6), 572-578.
Hengartner, M. P. (2018). Developmental course of child personality traits and their associations with externalizing psychopathology: Results from a longitudinal multi-informant study in a representative cohort. Journal of Research in Personality, 73, 164-172.
Herzhoff, K., & Tackett, J. L. (2012). Establishing construct validity for Openness-to-Experience in middle childhood: Contributions from personality and temperament. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(3), 286-294.
Hicks, B. M., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2014). Identifying childhood characteristics that underlie premorbid risk for substance use disorders: socialization and boldness. Development and Psychopathology, 26(1), 141-157.
Hinshaw, S. P., & Lee, S. S. (2003). Conduct and oppositional defiant disorders. Child psychopathology, 2(1), 144-198.
Holgado-Tello, F. P., Carrasco-Ortiz, M. Á., del Barrio-Gándara, M. V., & Chacón-Moscoso, S. (2009). Factor analysis of the Big Five Questionnaire using polychoric correlations in children. Quality & Quantity, 43(1), 75-85.
Ingram, R. E., & Price, J. M. (Eds.). (2010). Vulnerability to psychopathology: Risk across the lifespan. Guilford Press.
John, O. P., Caspi, A., Robins, R. W., Moffitt, T. E., & Stouthamer‐Loeber, M. (1994). The “little five”: Exploring the nomological network of the five‐factor model of personality in adolescent boys. Child development, 65(1), 160-178.
John, O. P., Naumann, L. P., & Soto, C. J. (2008). Paradigm shift to the integrative big five trait taxonomy. Handbook of personality: Theory and research, 3(2), 114-158.
John, O. P., Naumann, L. P., & Soto, C. J. (2008). Paradigm shift to the integrative big five trait taxonomy. Handbook of personality: Theory and research, 3(2), 114-158.
Jones, S. E., Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2011). Personality, antisocial behavior, and aggression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39(4), 329-337.
Klimstra, T. A., Hale III, W. W., Raaijmakers, Q. A., Branje, S. J., & Meeus, W. H. (2009). Maturation of personality in adolescence. Journal of personality and social psychology, 96(4), 898.
Kokkinos, C. M., Voulgaridou, I., Mandrali, M., & Parousidou, C. (2016). Interactive links between relational aggression, theory of mind, and moral disengagement among early adolescents. Psychology in the Schools, 53(3), 253-269.
Koolen, S., Poorthuis, A., & van Aken, M. A. (2012). Cognitive distortions and self-regulatory personality traits associated with proactive and reactive aggression in early adolescence. Cognitive therapy and research, 36(6), 776-787.
Laidra, K., De Fruyt, F., & Konstabel, K. (2017). Assessing childhood personality with the Estonian short version of the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC). Personality and Individual Differences, 112, 31-36.
Loginova, S. V., & Slobodskaya, H. R. (2017). The mediating role of parenting in the relation between personality and externalizing problems in Russian children. Personality and Individual Differences, 106, 275-280.
Markos, A., & Kokkinos, C. M. (2017). Development of a short form of the Greek Big Five Questionnaire for Children (GBFQ-C-SF): Validation among preadolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 112, 12-17.
Marsh, H. W., Ellis, L. A., Parada, R. H., Richards, G., & Heubeck, B. G. (2005). A short version of the Self Description Questionnaire II: operationalizing criteria for short-form evaluation with new applications of confirmatory factor analyses. Psychological Assessment, 17(1), 81.
Mash, E. J., & Barkley, R. A. (2003). Child Psychopathology (2nd ed.). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Mathieson, L. C., Murray-Close, D., Crick, N. R., Woods, K. E., Zimmer-Gembeck, M., Geiger, T. C., & Morales, J. R. (2011). Hostile intent attributions and relational aggression: The moderating roles of emotional sensitivity, gender, and victimization. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39(7), 977.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1987). Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers. Journal of personality and social psychology, 52(1), 81.
Measelle, J. R., John, O. P., Ablow, J. C., Cowan, P. A., & Cowan, C. P. (2005). Can children provide coherent, stable, and valid self-reports on the big five dimensions? A longitudinal study from ages 5 to 7. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(1), 90.
Meier, B. P., Robinson, M. D., & Wilkowski, B. M. (2006). Turning the other cheek: Agreeableness and the regulation of aggression-related primes. Psychological Science, 17(2), 136-142.
Mervielde, I., Buyst, V., & De Fruyt, F. (1995). The validity of the Big-Five as a model for teachers' ratings of individual differences among children aged 4–12 years. Personality and Individual Differences, 18(4), 525-534.
Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., & Jones, S. (2008). Externalizing behavior through the lens of the five-factor model: A focus on agreeableness and conscientiousness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 90(2), 158-164.
Miller, J. D., Zeichner, A., & Wilson, L. F. (2012). Personality correlates of aggression: evidence from measures of the five-factor model, UPPS model of impulsivity, and BIS/BAS. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(14), 2903-2919.
Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., Belsky, D., Dickson, N., Hancox, R. J., Harrington, H., ... & Sears, M. R. (2011). A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(7), 2693-2698.
Morizot, J. (2014). Construct validity of adolescents’ self-reported big five personality traits: Importance of conceptual breadth and initial validation of a short measure. Assessment, 21(5), 580-606.
Muris, P., Meesters, C., & Diederen, R. (2005). Psychometric properties of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C) in a Dutch sample of young adolescents. Personality and individual differences, 38(8), 1757-1769.
Murray-Close, D., Ostrov, J. M., Nelson, D. A., Crick, N. R., & Coccaro, E. F. (2010). Proactive, reactive, and romantic relational aggression in adulthood: Measurement, predictive validity, gender differences, and association with intermittent explosive disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 44(6), 393-404.
Myers, M. G., MacPherson, L., McCarthy, D. M., & Brown, S. A. (2003). Constructing a short form of the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire with adolescents and young adults. Psychological assessment, 15(2), 163.
Naragon-Gainey, K., & Simms, L. J. (2017). Three-way interaction of neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness in the internalizing disorders: Evidence of disorder specificity in a psychiatric sample. Journal of research in personality, 70, 16-26.
Naragon-Gainey, K., & Simms, L. J. (2017). Three-way interaction of neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness in the internalizing disorders: Evidence of disorder specificity in a psychiatric sample. Journal of research in personality, 70, 16-26.
Nave, C. S., Edmonds, G. W., Hampson, S. E., Murzyn, T., & Sauerberger, K. S. (2017). From elementary school to midlife: Childhood personality predicts behavior during cognitive testing over four decades later. Journal of research in personality, 67, 183-189.
Nelson, J. A., & Perry, N. B. (2015). Emotional reactivity, self-control and children's hostile attributions over middle childhood. Cognition and Emotion, 29(4), 592-603.
Nigg, J. T., John, O. P., Blaskey, L. G., Huang-Pollock, C. L., Willcutt, E. G., Hinshaw, S. P., & Pennington, B. (2002). Big five dimensions and ADHD symptoms: links between personality traits and clinical symptoms. Journal of personality and social psychology, 83(2), 451.
Ode, S., Robinson, M. D., & Wilkowski, B. M. (2008). Can one’s temper be cooled? A role for agreeableness in moderating neuroticism’s influence on anger and aggression. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 295–311
Olweus, D. (1979). Stability of aggressive reaction patterns in males: a review. Psychological bulletin, 86(4), 852.
Ortet, G., Ibáñez, M. I., Moya, J., Villa, H., Viruela, A., & Mezquita, L. (2012). Assessing the five factors of personality in adolescents: The junior version of the Spanish NEO-PI-R. Assessment, 19(1), 114-130.
Ortet, G., Ibáñez, M. I., Moya, J., Villa, H., Viruela, A., & Mezquita, L. (2012). Assessing the five factors of personality in adolescents: The junior version of the Spanish NEO-PI-R. Assessment, 19(1), 114-130.
Roweton, W. E. (1995). Kagan, J. (1994). Galen's prophecy: Temperament in human nature. New York: Basic Books, 376 pp., $27.00. Psychology in the Schools, 32(4), 332-334.
Rubin, K. H., Coplan, R. J., Fox, N. A., & Calkins, S. D. (1995). Emotionality, emotion regulation, and preschoolers' social adaptation. Development and Psychopathology, 7(1), 49-62.
Scholte, R. H., van Lieshout, C. F., de Wit, C. A., & van Aken, M. A. (2005). Adolescent personality types and subtypes and their psychosocial adjustment. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly (1982-), 258-286.
Shiner, R. L., & DeYoung, C. G. (2013). 6 CHAPTER The Structure of Temperament and Personality Traits: A Developmental. The Oxford handbook of developmental psychology, Vol. 2: Self and other, 2, 113.
Shiner, R., & Caspi, A. (2003). Personality differences in childhood and adolescence: Measurement, development, and consequences. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(1), 2-32.
Soto, C. J., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2008). The developmental psychometrics of big five self-reports: Acquiescence, factor structure, coherence, and differentiation from ages 10 to 20. Journal of personality and social psychology, 94(4), 718.
Tackett, J. L. (2006). Evaluating models of the personality–psychopathology relationship in children and adolescents. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(5), 584-599.
Tackett, J. L., Slobodskaya, H. R., Mar, R. A., Deal, J., Halverson Jr, C. F., Baker, S. R., ... & Besevegis, E. (2012). The hierarchical structure of childhood personality in five countries: Continuity from early childhood to early adolescence. Journal of Personality, 80(4), 847-879.
Tackett, J. L., Slobodskaya, H. R., Mar, R. A., Deal, J., Halverson Jr, C. F., Baker, S. R., ... & Besevegis, E. (2012). The hierarchical structure of childhood personality in five countries: Continuity from early childhood to early adolescence. Journal of Personality, 80(4), 847-879.
Vagos, P., Rijo, D., Santos, I. M., & Marsee, M. A. (2014). Forms and functions of aggression in adolescents: Validation of the Portuguese version of the Peer Conflict Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 36(4), 570-579.
Wang, J. M., Hartl, A. C., Laursen, B., & Rubin, K. H. (2017). The high costs of low agreeableness: Low agreeableness exacerbates interpersonal consequences of rejection sensitivity in US and Chinese adolescents. Journal of Research in Personality, 67, 36-43.
Watson, D. (2005). Rethinking the mood and anxiety disorders: a quantitative hierarchical model for DSM-V. Journal of abnormal psychology, 114(4), 522.
Watson, D., & Naragon-Gainey, K. (2014). Personality, emotions, and the emotional disorders. Clinical Psychological Science, 2(4), 422-442.
Werry, J. S. (2001). Pharmacological Treatments of Autism, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Depression in Children and Youth-Commentary. Journal of clinical child psychology, 30(1), 110-113.
Wilkowski, B. M., Robinson, M. D., & Meier, B. P. (2006). Agreeableness and the prolonged spatial processing of antisocial and prosocial information. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(6), 1152-1168.
Zahn-Waxler, C., Shirtcliff, E. A., & Marceau, K. (2008). Disorders of childhood and adolescence: Gender and psychopathology. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol., 4, 275-303.
Zuffianò, A., Alessandri, G., Gerbino, M., Kanacri, B. P. L., Di Giunta, L., Milioni, M., & Caprara, G. V. (2013). Academic achievement: The unique contribution of self-efficacy beliefs in self-regulated learning beyond intelligence, personality traits, and self-esteem. Learning and Individual Differences, 23, 158-162.
)