نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیارگروه روانشناسی تربیتی،دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی،دانشگاه آزاد خرم‌آباد،خرم‌آباد – ایران
2 استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی،دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی،دانشگاه آزاد خرم‌آباد،خرم‌آباد – ایران
چکیده
مطالعه تحول معرفت‌شناسی شخصی در کودکان سنین پایین، به‌عنوان خلأ پژوهشی، در سال‌های اخیر توجه متخصصان را به خود معطوف ساخته است. نتایج مطالعات نشان می‌دهد که تحول باورها در کودکی را می‌توان در ارتباط با نظریه ذهن موردمطالعه قرار داد. این در حالی است که کسب توانایی در عملکرد اجرایی نیز در ارتباط با باورها و نظریه ذهن قابل‌بررسی است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تحول باورها در ارتباط با نظریه ذهن و عملکرد اجرایی در کودکان پیش‌دبستانی است. روش پژوهش مقطعی است. بدین منظور، تعداد 110 کودک 6 ساله با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس از پیش‌دبستانی‌های شهر تهران انتخاب شدند. برای هر کودک دو تکلیف باور غلط (وایمر و پرنر، 1983؛ پرنر، لیکمن و وایمر، 1987)، دو تکلیف معرفت‌شناسی شخصی (بور و هوفر، 2002) و آزمون دسته‌بندی کارت‌های ویسکانسین در نظر گرفته شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که بین معرفت‌شناسی شخصی، نظریه ذهن و عملکرد اجرایی رابطه معنادار مثبت وجود دارد. همچنین، نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد که معرفت‌شناسی شخصی از طریق نظریه ذهن و کارکردهای اجرایی قابل پیش‌بینی است. بر این اساس، در گام اول، تقریباً 56% از واریانس معرفت‌شناسی شخصی از طریق نظریه ذهن تبیین شد. در گام دوم، نظریه ذهن و کارکردهای اجرایی 73% از واریانس معرفت‌شناسی شخصی را تبیین کردند. بنابراین، با ورود متغیر کارکردهای اجرایی به تحلیل، ضریب تعیین از 56% به 73% درصد افزایش یافت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
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