Bahramali Ghanbari Hashemabadi (PhD); Mehri Shahabi (MA)
Volume 4, Issue 12 , July 2008, Pages 1-21
Abstract
The present research was designed to examine the role of training of critical thinking in improving problem solving and self-esteem in high school girls’ students and to give suggestions to psychotherapists, counselors, schedulers and educational experts for training and enhancing students’ ...
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The present research was designed to examine the role of training of critical thinking in improving problem solving and self-esteem in high school girls’ students and to give suggestions to psychotherapists, counselors, schedulers and educational experts for training and enhancing students’ critical thinking. The method of research is empirical and its statistical society comprised girls who were educating at a high school in Kalaleh town in academic year of 1385-86 (N=1000). We selected 22 students who scored low grades in critical thinking, problem solving and self-esteem tests randomly and devised them into two groups (experimental and control ones). We trained the critical thinking to the experimental group in 10 sessions. Then, the both groups examined by post-test. The data of pretest and post test analyzed using t-test. The finding of the present study revealed that the individual of experimental group who participated in training of critical thinking, obtained higher scores in problem solving skills and self-esteem, and also demonstrated better adjustment to others. In general, from the finding of this study it might be concluded that critical thinking may play a fundamental role in problem solving skills and self-esteem. At the end, researchers have presented practical suggestions and strategies.
Hassan Asadzadeh (PhD); Sara Mamoodi Rad (MA); Noorali Faroukhi (PhD
Volume 4, Issue 12 , July 2008, Pages 22-39
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of schema theory-based teaching and traditional teaching of English language in high school students. Statistical society comprised all the girls’ students in first grade of district 5 Education, in Tehran city. In order to choose the ...
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The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of schema theory-based teaching and traditional teaching of English language in high school students. Statistical society comprised all the girls’ students in first grade of district 5 Education, in Tehran city. In order to choose the statistical sample, one high school was randomly selected from nineteen schools in that district which contained two classes whit 76 students. Considering that this was an experimental research, asked the students to take a pretest from second lesson of the English book at the beginning. Statistical analyses do not show a significant difference between the results of two classes. Therefore, one class was randomly selected as experimental group and the other one as control group. Then, a lesson was taught to the experimental group based on the schema theory and to the control group in traditional method. An equivalent test was held from both groups and results were analyzed using t test. Results revealed that there is a significant difference between the mean of the posttests in experimental and control groups (a=0.05). Students who were taught based on schema theory in comparison whit that taught based on traditional method, gained higher scores in the posttest. These results could have some implications in effective teaching and learning which will be discussed in this article.
Shahram Mohammad Khani (PhD)
Volume 4, Issue 12 , July 2008, Pages 38-69
Abstract
Alcohol, tobacco and drugs used among adolescents are significant public health concern. This study was carried out to examine risk and protective factors associated with alcohol, tobacco and other illicit drugs used among 13-18 years-old adolescents. A national sample of 2538 high school and pre-university ...
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Alcohol, tobacco and drugs used among adolescents are significant public health concern. This study was carried out to examine risk and protective factors associated with alcohol, tobacco and other illicit drugs used among 13-18 years-old adolescents. A national sample of 2538 high school and pre-university students (1255 girls and 1283 boys) completed Risk and Protective factors Inventory (RAPI) and drug abuse questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. A variety of risk and protective factors in several domains are associated with drug abuse. In family domain risk factors such as poor family bonding and high level of family conflicts and in individual domain high level of sensation seeking, positive attitude toward drug use, negative self-concept, lack of assertiveness and negative moods are powerful predictors of alcohol, tobacco and drug used among adolescents. In social and school domains peer pressure and poor commitment to school and negative psychosocial climate of schools were significantly correlated with drug used in adolescents. These findings suggest that effective prevention programs may need an integrative approach that focuses on the risk and protective factors associated with drug use in several domains. It highlights the importance of psychosocial education of parents, school staffs and adolescents. Lifeskills training program such as decision making, problem solving, coping and assertiveness skills may lead to increased self-esteem and self-efficacy which in turn lead to decreased using alcohol, tobacco and other drugs.
Ali Moustafaei (PhD); Yahya Mohajer (PhD)
Volume 4, Issue 12 , July 2008, Pages 66-87
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of instructing the components of self-regulated learning strategies on self-efficiency of high school students. The research population comprised 1093 grade three male students. The research sample consisted of 60 subjects who were randomly selected ...
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The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of instructing the components of self-regulated learning strategies on self-efficiency of high school students. The research population comprised 1093 grade three male students. The research sample consisted of 60 subjects who were randomly selected using cluster sampling method. The sample randomly assigned into four different levels of independent variable and control group. Cognitive strategies were assigned to group one, metacognitive strategies were assigned to group two, motivational strategies were assigned to group three and resource management strategies were assigned to group four. The Sherer’s test of self-regulation was used as pretest and posttest. Results showed that instruction of the components of self-regulated strategies were effective on self-efficiency and promoted it.
Heydar Toorani (PhD); Sadegh Rashtiani (MA)
Volume 4, Issue 12 , July 2008, Pages 88-126
Abstract
The role and significance of psychological hardiness as a buffer personality characteristic against life stress events has been shown in several studies. Researchers have formulated many assumptions and hypotheses about formation of hardiness but no in depth study are carried out until yet. In order ...
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The role and significance of psychological hardiness as a buffer personality characteristic against life stress events has been shown in several studies. Researchers have formulated many assumptions and hypotheses about formation of hardiness but no in depth study are carried out until yet. In order to investigate the relationship between family function and psychological hardiness a sample of 350 participants (175 males and 175 females) from high school students in Kangavar town were selected. The family functioning scale (FFS) which has a total score and 15 subscale, and Adolescence Hardiness Scale (AHS) were used for measuring the two constructs. Adolescence hardiness scale which is based on personal view survey scale from the third generation of hardiness scale was constructed for this research.
The data were analyzed through correlation, multiple regression and t test. Findings indicate a significant positive relationship between family function and hardiness in total sample and two different male and female subsamples. Dimension of family functioning appeared in multiple regression as predictive variables. Differences of the two subsamples were not significant relative to hardiness. The first seven hypotheses of research were confirmed and only the last one was rejected. The findings of the present research are in consistence with the literature review of hardiness.
Simin Ronaghi (PhD); Ali Delavar (PhD); Hassan Ahadi (PhD); Farhad Jomehri (PhD)
Volume 4, Issue 12 , July 2008, Pages 124-144
Abstract
The main objective of this research is to construct and validate a picture projection test which is geared to assess the degree of attachment in children aged 6 to 12 years. The random sampling procedure involved 500 primary school children year 1 to 5 who studied in Karaj city and were assessed on the ...
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The main objective of this research is to construct and validate a picture projection test which is geared to assess the degree of attachment in children aged 6 to 12 years. The random sampling procedure involved 500 primary school children year 1 to 5 who studied in Karaj city and were assessed on the attachment scale. Drawing on the obtained results from 90 ‘unsafe’ children, a population of 30 pupils, boys and girls were randomly selected and were tallied in terms of sex, age, class level, and region with the results obtained from 30 children-boys and girls-out of a population of 410 pupils. A projection test was then administered on these 60 pupils. The following steps were taken in constructing the test: (1) interviews with children and adults; (2) identification of anxiety-generating situations; (3) analyzing the animals drawn in the paintings; (4) determination of content criteria on the basis of content analysis of the stories; (5) implementation of the three principles of safety, anxiety, and avoidance in analyzing the types of attachment; (6) designation of six anxiety-generating situations each of which was illustrated in the three stages of union, separation, and child-parent reunion.
According to the obtained results, the attachment projection test has sufficient reliability and validity.
Ali Abdi (MA); Saeed (MA) Ariapooran,
Volume 4, Issue 12 , July 2008, Pages 144-163
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between perceivedstress and coping style and the role of these variables in predicting academic performance in students of Kermanshah Azad University. For this field, 402 students of Kermanshah Azad University by multi-stage clustered sampling ...
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The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between perceivedstress and coping style and the role of these variables in predicting academic performance in students of Kermanshah Azad University. For this field, 402 students of Kermanshah Azad University by multi-stage clustered sampling were selected and completed the received stress (Kohen et al, 1983) and coping style scales (Moss, 1993). The subjects’ academic average was also used as their academic performance index. Results of Pierson correlation indicated that in women and men students there was a negative correlation between positive perceived stress and logical analysis, seeking guidance and support, positive reappraisal, and problem-solving copings and was negative correlation between negative perceived stress and these copings. The results of multiple regressions indicated that in women and men, the most powerful variables to predict academic performance was positive received stress. Also, the powerful copings to predict academic performance in women were acceptance or resignation, seeking guidance and support, seeking alternative rewards and logical analysis copings and in men this copings were problem solving, logical analysis, positive reappraisal and emotional discharge copings.
