Educational Psychology

Abstract This work concerns the situations in which the framing effects emerge. This has not been an established feature in different studies, so the reasons for its variations have been the subject of various studies since 1980s. Present study aimed to determine the variables affecting the feature as well as to address the controversies exist on how these variables affect it. 551 students from engineering faculty, University of Tehran and different faculties at Tehran University and Medical Sciences were included in the study. They were assigned to eight categories in two steps and filled out the modified Kahnman and Tveresky`s death, life, and trust text with the classical conditions. Results indicate that framing effects has a significant relationship with “the importance of sucrife`s fate to the participant. In other words, the framing effects emerge as “emotional involvement” on the “the fate of human beings in danger” is produced in the participant. In addition, application of open- ended questions reveals that nationality distinction not only affects the emotional involvement, but can also highlight distinct emotional aspects in participants. In spite of their importance, these aspects have been neglected in the previous studies.

Abstract his study aims at religiosity and happiness and their relation among the students of kerman Islamic azad university in 2009- 2010.In this survey 200 girl students out of 5440 students of Kerman Islamic Azad University were selected randomly. The study is based on the correlation Research methodology. This survey in cludes question tools are religiosity test (sadeghi 2008) and happiness test (oxford2003) and descriptive statistics and statistical inference methods were used to analyze the details and the study hypothesizes. Finally the findings are analyzed by spss software. According to the results, there is a positive and meaningful correlation between religiosity among happiness. It also maintains that there is a positive and meaningful correlation between three other components of religiosity behavior, religious knowledge and religious look and happiness

Abstract The purpose of this research was the the role of coping styles and social support in discriminating of students with high and low test anxiety. 387 of students in Azad university of Kermanshah selected by clustered sampling and filled the students coping scale and multidimensional Scale of perceived social support and test anxiety questionnaire. Results indicated that there is meaningful correlation between emotion-centered coping (r=0.514), problem-centered coping (r=-0.418) and social support(r=-0.334) with test anxiety. Results of discriminate analysis showed that emotion-centered coping, problem- centered coping and social support from family were meaningfully discriminated students with high and low test anxiety (p<0.05). But social support from friends and significant other didn’t discriminate students with high and low test anxiety.

Abstract The Experienced Curriculum” is one of the curriculums performed in the educational systems on which several different studies have been done. “The Experienced Curriculum” is of different levels whose first one is the hidden curriculum. This curriculum can be affected by different factors which have been categorized into four categories namely, educational, social, and geographical in this study. Despite the plethora of studies done on the experienced curriculum, a few field studies have been done on the effective factors in the curriculum. The present study aims at exploring the effective factors in the hidden curriculum of “Islamic Thoughts” course for B.A. students. The required data have been collected by questionnaire. 210 students have been randomly selected as the statistical sample from among 650 students studying at one of Tehran’s universities in 2010-2011 semesters. The Pearson statistical test has been used to analyze the collected data. The findings of the study demonstrated that all educational, social, and geographical factors and their related subsets have significant relationships with hidden curriculum of “Islamic Thoughts” course, but the results of the total Regression only proved the following significant relationship: educational factors and teacher, content and evaluation variables; social variables and the family media, friends and classmate variables; social variables and study, satisfaction of religious education; and the geographical variables with the residential place variables. The findings also proved that “satisfaction of religious education”, “teachers of the religious course”, “friends and classmates”, “media and religious studies” have the most significant relationships with the hidden curriculum of “Islamic Thoughts” respectively.

Abstract In past, the relationship between traditional learning theories and neurophysiological theories wasn’t a close relationship. Recently, new findings in neurological sciences showed relatively simple neuron mechanisms for somewhat complicated learning events, for example observational learning, one of which is mirror neurons. These neurons show that how the brain registers the activity observed and facilitates doing it at the present time or in the future. The role of these neurons in social interactions is matching the action observed with the action performed by the person, and, in this way, help the person observing others understand their behaviors through coordinating his (her) behaviors with behaviors of other people. About the origin of mirror neurons there are three perspectives: 1) evolutionary perspective assumes that existence of mirror neurons is part of human adaption which has evolved during the species life, 2) association perspective is basis on individual’s innate ability in shaping mirror neurons with emphasis on experience; and 3) ideation-action perspective supposes that image shaped from sensory feedback of an action is the base of it’s true performance. Before discovering the mirror neurons, there were two explanations for imitative and observational learning from cognitive and behavioral psychologists. Behaviorists by the leadership of B.F Skinner, the founder of operant conditioning theory, believed that observing model, performing behavior based on model’s behavior, and obtaining reinforcement are three elements of observational learning. In contrast, cognitionists, with the leadership of Albert Bandura, believed that observational learning is mainly a cognitive and informational processing event and assumed that four steps for it: attention, retention, movement reproduction and motivation. The discovery of mirror neurons supports neither behavioral perspective nor cognitive view points.

Abstract This study was done to find out any relationship between perceptions of classroom environment and goal orientation with math academic achievement of female secondary students in district 9) in Tehran city. 150 students were selected as sample group through cluster sampling."What happens in this classroom" (WIHIC) and "goal-oriented education" (AGOR) scales was used for collecting of required data. Also, were measured math achievement in the first semester with final scores math (calculus). Statistical analysis of data was done using SPSS statistical software that includes using Pearson Spearman correlation test and regression analysis. Results showed that there is significant relationship between perceptions of classroom environment and education achievement of math. Also there is significant relationship between perceptions of classroom environment and goal orientation; but there is no significant relationship between goal orientation and education achievement of math. Also, regression analysis results showed that perceptions of classroom environment predict education achievement of math and mastery goal orientation

Abstract Mobile phone technology means that it has become a very efficient tool. The development of tools and reduce its price, makes it all the segments of the from the old to the young do not go out of the house without their cell phone and the most essential tool with which they have. This has caused most organizations and service agencies also offer mobile services based on their. List of the Quran, to pay electricity , water bills and handling money or buying stocks, mass advertising or information and news for all the necessary software can be downloaded and used free of charge from variety of sites. In a word, is something that need to be done and the runs on the mobile software for it are not? The main purpose of this paper reviews the use of mobile in development and education, or M-Learning.