Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• parvin Salarichine ¹
• mozhgan ghaneaa malati ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.

² Master's student in Elementary Education, Farhangian University, Kerman, Iran.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors influencing the gap between the current and the desired state in implementing interdisciplinary education based on the Fundamental Reform Document among elementary teachers. A narrative inquiry approach was adopted, and purposive criterion-based sampling was employed. Sixteen knowledgeable teachers from elementary schools in Kerman Province during the 2024–2025 academic year were interviewed until theoretical saturation was reached. Data were collected through narrative and semi-structured interviews as well as field notes, and thematic analysis was applied. The findings revealed four main themes as influential factors shaping the desired state of interdisciplinary education: structural and infrastructural conditions, teaching and learning processes, cultural and social aspects, and managerial and leadership factors. Results indicate that the existing gap arises primarily from these elements, hindering the effective application of the reform document in classrooms. In particular, the lack of infrastructure and limited awareness among school leaders regarding the benefits of interdisciplinary education emerged as major obstacles. Moreover, teachers’ insufficient knowledge of practical strategies and assessment methods, along with parental cultural and social attitudes, further contribute to this gap. This study highlights the importance of contextual realities and the alignment between classroom practices and desired outcomes. It recommends the development and implementation of specialized teacher training programs, the integration of students’ real learning needs into curricula, and the strengthening of managerial support. Creating supportive environments for teachers is also proposed as a key strategy to improve the quality and sustainability of interdisciplinary education.

Keywords

• Gap between the current and desired state
• Interdisciplinary education
• Fundamental Transformation Document
• Elementary school teachers
• Narrative inquiry

Main Subjects

• روانشناسی یادگیری