Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. in Philosophy of Education,

2 Assistant Professor, Institute for Educational Studies, Organization for Educational Research and Planning (OERP), Tehran, Iran.

3 Ph.D. Student, Department of Communication Sciences, Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

Abstract

The lack of effective communication with parents in children's lives leads to weaker and more superficial parent-child interactions, and this weak interaction causes complex problems for the child in the future. The purpose of this research was to design a pattern of interactions between parents and students in pandemic conditions. The research method was of a mixed type (qualitative-quantitative) and the studied population included experts in the fields of psychology, educational sciences, sociology and communication and parents with student children in Tehran. In the qualitative part, based on the principle of theoretical saturation, 20 experts were selected using the purposeful sampling method, and in the quantitative part, according to the Cochran formula, 384 people were selected using the multi-stage sampling method. Data measurement tools were used in the qualitative part of the semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part, the parents' interaction questionnaire with the students, and in the data analysis, content analysis method, coding method, and structural equations were used. The results of the research indicate that interpersonal relationships, economy and cost management, health and education have an impact on parent-child interactions. The value of the beta coefficient of interpersonal relations is equal to 0.485, and the value of the beta coefficient related to the economy is equal to /745, the beta coefficient related to the third path is equal to 0.256, and the beta coefficient of the fourth path is equal to /487.

Keywords

Main Subjects

ابوالمعالی الحسینی، خدیجه. (1399). پیامدهای روان‌شناختی و آموزشی بیماری کرونا در دانش‌آموزان و راهکارهای مقابله با آن‌ها. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی تربیتی، 16(55)، 157- 193. doi: 10.22054/jep.2020.52371.2993
احمدی، نسترن. (1400). تأثیر اضطراب کرونا بر استرس والدین و کیفیت زندگی در والدین دانش‌آموزان دوره اول متوسطه کرمانشاه، سومین کنفرانس بین‌المللی علوم تربیتی، روان‌شناسی، مشاوره، آموزش و پژوهش، تهران. https://civilica.com/doc/1258980/
امیرحسینی، زهرا. (1390). اصول و شیوه‌های مؤثر در تربیت فرزندان. طهورا، 4(11)، 77- 107. https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/20121212084746-9419-23.pdf
بزی، زینب، سردارشهرکی، رؤیا، احمدی، زهرا و شمس کوشکی، محسن. (1400). تأثیر مشارکت والدین بر کنترل استرس و اضطراب دانش‌آموزان پایه اول دبستان موقع رویارویی با معلم، سومین کنفرانس بین‌المللی علوم تربیتی، روان‌شناسی، مشاوره، آموزش و پژوهش، تهران. https://civilica.com/doc/1258929/
چراغی، محمدعلی، قبادی، اکرم، مانوکیان، آرپی و شهماری، مهربان. (1400). مروری بر تعیین‌کننده‌های رعایت قرنطینه در همه‌گیری‌ها در سینکرونی با پدیده کرونا: مرور دامن‌های. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، 31(195)، 30-40.
خدابخشی کولایی، آناهیتا. (۱۳۹۹). زندگی در قرنطینه خانگی: واکاوی تجارب روان‌شناختی دانشجویان در همه‌گیری کووید-۱۹. مجله طب نظامی، ۲۲(۲)، ۱۳۸-۱۳۰. https://www.sid.ir/paper/959057/fa
خشکدار طارسی، معصومه، سلحشوری، احمد و وکیلی، هادی. (1395). بررسی انتقادی سبک فرزند پروری مقتدرانه بر اساس دیدگاه ائمه اطهار (ع). پژوهش در مسائل تعلیم و تربیت اسلامی، 24 (33)، 67-93. https://iej.ihu.ac.ir/article_200932.html
شیوندی، کامران و حسنوند، فضل‌الله. (1399). تدوین مدل پیامدهای روان‌شناختی اضطراب ناشی از اپیدمی کرونا ویروس و بررسی نقش میانجیگری سلامت معنوی. فرهنگ مشاوره و روان‌درمانی، 11(42)، 136- 147. https://qccpc.atu.ac.ir/article_11002.html
ضیاییان، مهتاب. (1399). رتبه‌بندی عوامل مؤثر بر ایجاد جو همدلی در دانش‌آموزان در مواجهه با بیماری کرونا، اولین همایش ملی آموزش‌های مجازی در حوزه آموزش‌وپرورش، رفسنجان. https://civilica.com/doc/1132192/
عسگری، محمد، چوبداری، عسگر و اسکندری، حسین. (1400). واکاوی تجارب زیسته افراد مبتلا به بیماری کرونا در روابط فردی، خانوادگی و اجتماعی و راهکارهای پیشگیری و کنترل آسیب‌های روانی ناشی از آن، فرهنگ مشاوره و روان‌درمانی، 12(45)، 33-52. https://qccpc.atu.ac.ir/article_11814.html
غریبی، عطیه و غریبی، فرزانه. (1400). چگونه در دوران کرونا با برنامه‌ریزی برای اوقات فراغت دانش‌آموزان کلاس خود از طریق آموزش در شبکهٔ شاد، تاب‌آوری و روابط بین والدین و فرزندان را بهبود بخشیم؟ اولین کنفرانس ملی مطالعات کاربردی در فرآیندهای تعلیم و تربیت، بندرعباس. https://civilica.com/doc/1294015/
غلامی توران پشتی، مرضیه. (1402). فراتحلیلی بر رابطه اضطراب کرونا و تاب‌آوری. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی تربیتی، 19 (68)، 102- 126. doi: 10.22054/jep.2023.72087.3782
کلاته ساداتی، احمد، جیریایی و راضیه و زنگنه، مهدی. (1398). مدیریت تعامل با فرزندان در قرنطینه خانگی در همه‌گیری کووید 19؛ مطالعه کیفی با مادران در شهر اراک. پژوهشکاری مددکاری اجتماعی، 9(3)، 39-47. https://civilica.com/doc/1939306/
محمدی، نعیما، و آسکانی، خان محمد. (1395). بررسی جامعه‌شناختی تأثیر ساختار خانواده بر سلامت اجتماعی مردان. نشریه تحقیقات فرهنگی ایران، 9(4)، 89- 114. https://www.sid.ir/paper/137070/fa
موسوی، سید حسین، جعفری، علی و بصیریلن جهرمی. (1402). سنتزپژوهی چالش‌های ارتباطات سلامت در شرایط پاندمی کووید 19. مجله ارتقای ایمنی و پیشگیری از مصدومیت‌ها، 11(2)، 103- 115. doi.org/10.22037/iipm.v11i2.42751
Abulmaali Al-Hosseini, Kh. (2020). Psychological and Educational Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Students and Strategies for Addressing Them. Educational Psychology Quarterly, 16(55), 157-193. doi: 10.22054/jep.2020.52371.2993. [In Persian]
Ahmadi, N. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 anxiety on parental stress and quality of life in parents of first-year high school students in Kermanshah. Third International Conference on Educational Sciences, Psychology, Counseling, Teaching, and Research, Tehran. [In Persian]
Amirhosseini, Z. (2011). Principles and effective methods in child-rearing. Tahoora Journal, 4 (11), 77–107. [In Persian]
Asgari, M., Choobdari, A., & Eskandari, H. (2021). Exploring the lived experiences of individuals infected with COVID-19 in personal, family, and social relationships and strategies for preventing and controlling related psychological damages. Counseling Culture and Psychotherapy, 12(45), 33–52. [In Persian]
Berns, S. (2006). Perceived parenting dimensions and training styles: Exploring the socialization of adolescents processing. Journal of adolescence, 31, 161. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5429952_Perceived_parenting_dimensions_and_identity_styles_Exploring_the_socialization_of_adolescents%27_processing_of_identity-relevant_information
Bezi, Z; Sardarsherki, R; Ahmadi, Z, & Shams Koushki, M. (2021). The impact of parental involvement on stress and anxiety management in first-grade elementary students facing teachers. Third International Conference on Educational Sciences, Psychology, Counseling, Teaching, and Research, Tehran. [In Persian]
Chen, P., Mao, L., Nassis, G. P., Harmer, P., Ainsworth, B. E., & Li, F. (2020). Wuhan coronavirus (2019nCoV): The need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions. Journal of sport and health science, 9(2), 103. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32099716/
Cheraghi, M. A., Ghobadi, A., Manoukian, A., & Shahmari, M. (2021). A review of quarantine compliance determinants during pandemics in synchronization with the COVID-19 phenomenon: A comprehensive review. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 31 (195), 30–40. {in Persian}
Chung Skg, Lanier P, Wong P. (2020). Mediating effects of parental stress on harsh parenting and parent-child relationship during Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Singapore. Preprint –accepted at Journal Of Family Violence. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32895601/
Diaz, Y. (2005). Association between parenting and child behavior problems among Latino mothers and children. Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Maryland, Maryland. Disabilities. The Internet Journal of Mental Health, 1(2), 48-61. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277049162_Associations_Between_Parenting_and_Child_Behavior_Problems_Among_Latino_Mothers_and_Children
Gharibi, A., & Gharibi, F. (2021). How to improve resilience and parent-child relationships during COVID-19 by planning students' leisure time through the Shad Network? First National Conference on Applied Studies in the Processes of Education, Bandar Abbas. [In Persian]
Gholami Touran Poshti, M. (2023). A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between COVID-19 Anxiety and Resilience. Educational Psychology Quarterly, 19(68), 102-126. doi: 10.22054/jep.2023.72087.3782. [In Persian]
Glasser, W. (2010). Choice theory: A new psychology of personal freedom, Harper Collins. https://www.sciepub.com/reference/181636
Kalateh Sadati, A; Jiryaei, R, & Zanganeh, M. (2019). Managing interactions with children during home quarantine in the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study with mothers in Arak city. Journal of Social Work Research, 9 (3), 39–47. [In Persian]
Khodabakhshi Kolayi, A. (2020). Life in home quarantine: Exploring psychological experiences of students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Military Medicine, 22 (2), 130–138. [In Persian]
Khoshkdar Tarsi, M; Salhashoori, A, & Vakili, H. (2016). Critical analysis of the authoritative parenting style based on the perspectives of the Imams. Research in Islamic Education Issues, 24(33), 67–93. [In Persian]
Liu, S., Yang, L., Zhang, C., Xiang, Y. T., Liu, Z., Hu, S., & Zhang, B. (2020). Online 19 —Studies Needed. New England Journal of Medicine.mental health services in China during the COVID19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32085841/
Mandara, J. (2003). The typological approach in child and family psychology: A review theory, methods, and research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 6, 129-146. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2003-06174-004
Mohammadi, N., & Askani, KH. (2016). A sociological study of the impact of family structure on men's social health. Iranian Cultural Research Journal, 9 (4), 89–114. [In Persian]
Mousavi, S., Jafari, A., & Basirilan Jahromi. H. (2023). A Research Synthesis on the Challenges of Health Communication During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention, 11(2), 103-115. doi.org/10.22037/iipmv11i2.42751. [In Persian]
Patrick SW, Henkhaus LE, Zickafoose JS, Lovell K, Halvorson A, Loch S. (2020). Well-being of parents and children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national Survey. Pediatrics; 146(4). https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-79444-001
Shahali, A., HajHosseini, M., & Ghorban Jahromi., R. (2023). COVID-19 and Parent-Child Interactions: Children’s Educational Opportunities and Parental Challenges During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of the Korean Academy of Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 34(2), 133-140. doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.220033.
Shillingford, A., & Edwards, O. (2008). Professional school counselors using choice theory to meet the needs of children of prisoners. Professional school counseling, 12(1), 62 -65.
Shivanandi, K., & Hassanvand, F. (2020). Developing a model of psychological outcomes of anxiety caused by the COVID-19 epidemic and examining the mediating role of spiritual health. Counseling Culture and Psychotherapy, 11(42), 136–147. [In Persian]
Spinelli. M, Lionetti F, Pastore M and Mirco Fasolo1. (2020). Parents’ stress and children’s psychological problems in families facing the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Frontiers in Psychology;11:17-3. 13.
Usher, K., Bhullar, N., Durkin, J., Gyamfi, N., & Jackson, D. (2020). Family violence and COVID‐19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support. Int J Ment Health Nurs, 29(4), 549–552. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7264607/
Ziaeyan, M. (2020). Ranking factors influencing the creation of empathy among students in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. First National Conference on Virtual Education in the Field of Education, Rafsanjan. [In Persian]