Educational Psychology

Abstract The purpose of this research was to study of Ph.D instructional technology program at global level in order to designing a comprehensive plan for Allameh Tabatabaii University. The important questions of the study were: What are objectives and necessaries of Ph.D instructional technology program at global level and how it dons? How we can design a comprehensive plan of Ph.D instructional technology program for Allameh Tabatabaii University? In order to study global experiences in this area, some of the high rank universities selected and studied their educational programs. So, according to review of global situations, a questionnaire designed and applied on Iranian instructional technology teachers and experts. By analytical and descriptive methods, a suitable program designed for instructional technology in Ph.D. level of this subject.                  

Abstract The aim of the present research was to determine the rate of prevalence and diversity of specific learning disabilities in students of third and fourth grade of primary school. In this research we used one questionnaire and four checklists. Rater’s behavior disorders questionnaire administered for screening of students with behavior disorders.Four checklists inclusive of Myklebust’s learning disabilities checklist, Reading learning disability checklist, Mathematics learning disability checklist and Writing learning disability checklist were administered to determine the rate of prevalence of learning disabilities. The sample consisted of 446 students (231boys and 215 girls) from third and fourth grade of primary schools of four regions of Shiraz department of education that were selected by clustering random sampling method. After screening of students with behavior disorders 401 students (200boys and 201girls) remain for statistical calculation. The results showed that out of 401 students 39 students identified as learning disability; this is 9.7 percent of total sample. Also out of 401 students 35 students identified as reading learning disability, this is 8.7 percent of total sample. Another results indicated that out of 401 students 27 students identified as mathematics learning disability, this is 6.7 percent of total sample. Also out of 401 students 29 students identified as writing learning disability, this is 7.2 percent of total sample. The result of Cronbach’s coefficient alpha, test-retest reliability and Pearson’s correlation coefficient proved the reliability and validity of checklists that administered in this research. In this article we discussed about results and limitation and offered suggestions for future studies

Abstract The present research is going for provide a social development questionaire and is to survey reliability and psychometric characteristics of it.characteristics associated with social development are presented with suitable phrases which consists of  alternatives extracted from relevant articles,book and researches.the content validity is based on the evaluations of psychological professors.this research was done as a pilot study on a fifty-student sample.then after surveying the outcome and reforming shortcoming,the research was done on a sample of male and female students of sabzevar.  factor were extracted as the result of exploratory factor analysis. Also test was  according to cronbach alpha method.

Abstract This research has been carried out with the aim of adaptation and study of psychometric properties and practicality of Snijders-Oomen nonverbal intelligence test for  years children (SON-R ) for Farsi-speaking children. In this study, 2852 children (1456 boys and 1396 girls) were selected, from nursery schools of the city of Tehran which are under control of Tehran’s welfare organization, by means of multistage stratified random sampling method.. To data analysis, classical model and two- parameter logistic model were used. Internal consistency of subtests (Mosaics, Categories, Situations, Puzzles, Analogies  and Patterns) were obtained by λ2  formula, and reliability of performance and reasoning scales and total scores estimated by stratified alpha. The range of reliability  coefficient for  subtests were 0.81 to  0.88  and  reliability coefficient of performance and reasoning scales and total scores were 0.88 to 0.95. Various analyses were carried out about validity, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, intercorrelation of subtests, item-total correlation, correlation of subtests with scales and total scores, age discrimination and discrimination power. Norms were provided for subtests, scales and total scores for all age groups (2;3 to 7;12)  in six month intervals.  On the whole, the results obtained from this research showed that reliability and validity of the test are high and it can be used to measure total intelligence of children.

Abstract This research has studied the effectiveness of different instructional media in concept formation of the physics concepts, the subject of Force in the first grade of junior high school.The goal was the comparison of three kinds of media with one another:1- The Integrative instructional medium (a combination of Skinner’s programmed instruction, Gagne’s phases of learning, and a daily lesson plan), 2- The Danesh yar instructional medium (available on the market), and the human instructional medium(teacher).
The research design was multiple-group pretest-posttest and the population was all boy and girl learners of the junior high schools of Kerman city in the year of 1386-87. The cluster sampling was six classes in six junior high schools at random and the gathering instrument was a physics achievement test which was prepared by the researcher. The test was conducted as a pretest and a posttest with the experimental groups (Danesh yar and Integrative) and the control groups (human). To determine the effectiveness of each medium in concept formation, these steps were taken: giving the pretest, implementing the independent variable (conducting the instruction), and giving the posttest. To analyze the given data, the descriptive and inferential statistics were used.
The results of the descriptive data showed that all the boy and the girl learners are weak in physics and the Integrative medium was effective in physics concept formation. The overall of the inferential data results showed that all groups that were instructed by the Integrative medium were have achieved the “concept formation” better than the groups who were instructed by the human and Danesh yar media. And the groups that were instructed by human medium were the better achieved group than the groups who were instructed by Danesh yar medium.

Abstract With the rapid  enhancement of science, education  has a different meaning in the world today. Here one of the most critical  issues in  education especially at elementary  grade, is paying attention to teaching methods .Teachers, as the focal issues of teaching-learning process, shall not merely give lecture and transfer information in teaching process.They should try to reinforce thinking and argumentation skills in their students and direct them toward thinking stage not just memorization. They should lead students toward the base of learning which is thinking. Of course in the teaching process of teachers there are always some  factors prevent the teacher in reach to favorable aims in teaching process. The main aim of the research is introduction to effective factors on applying teaching  methods by elementary grade teachers of Gorgan township The statistical society of the research includes all permanently employed teachers, teachers employed on teaching fee basis and contractual teachers of elementary  grade in Gorgan township mounting to 1300 persons. The sample volume has been considered based on the Morgan Formula through   sampling random  for 297 subjects(155 men and 142 women). Research plan was performed by description and measurement tool was chosen as researcher made questionnaire. By using SPSS software package, correlation coefficient for the marks of two exams was obtained as 0.613. Frequency Distribution Tables, Percentage, Diagram and Spearman  rank order Correlation   were used for data analysis. The results of theories Exam showed that: 1- There is a meaningful correlation between  personal particulars of  the teachers and applying  active  teaching methods 2-There is a meaningful correlation between structural and administrative factors  and applying active teaching methods. 3- there is a meaningful correlation between the economic, social and cultural factors of the teachers and applying active teaching methods. 4-There is a  meaningful  correlation  between factors and evaluation methods and applying active teaching methods

Abstract This study investigated the relationship between Big Five Personality Factors of  Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness With the degree of Marital Satisfaction. The sample included all the married students of public universities’, of Tehran living in the dormitory, is composed of 174 married students (87 couples) selected by cluster sampling and randomization. ENRICH and NEO-FF-I questionnaires were used to data gathering. Results showed a significant but negative relationship between neuroticism with marital satisfaction and significant and positive relationship between extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness with marital satisfaction. there was no significant relationship between openness with marital satisfaction. Furthermore results of multivariate regression analysis showed that neuroticism and agreeableness have the most relationship with   marital satisfaction. Thus they have power of prediction at a level significant statistically.