Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

This study examined the mediating role of the perceived academic stress and academic emotions on the relationship between academic self-efficacy with academic well-being among university students. Method: On a sample consisting of 339 students (142 male 140 female), the Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (ASEQ), the Perceived Academic Stress Questionnaire (PASQ), the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire-Short Form (AEQ-SF), the School/University Burnout Inventory (SBI) and the Schoolwork Engagement Inventory (SEI) were administrated. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the mediating effects model of the perceived academic stress and academic emotions on the relationship between academic self-efficacy with academic well-being among university students. Results: Results showed that both models -partially mediated models of positive and negative emotions on the relationship academic self-efficacy and academic well-being - had good fit to data. In these hypothesized models, all of the regression weights were statistically significant. Also, in the mediating model of positive emotions and academic stress, model predictor’s emphases accounted for 33 and 22 of the variance in academic engagement and academic burnout, respectively. Furthermore, in the mediating model of negative emotions and academic stress, model predictor’s emphases accounted for 33 and 20 of the variance in academic engagement and academic burnout, respectively.Conclusion: These findings show that the part of covariance between conceptual loops of academic self-efficacy beliefs and academic well-being is accounted for by achievement emotions and perceived academic stress.

Keywords

Main Subjects

شکری، ا.، غنایی، ز.، طولابی، س.، تقوایی‌نیا، ع.، کاکابرایی، ک. و فولادوند، خ. (1390). مطالعة روان‌سنجی پرسشنامه باورهای خودکارآمدی تحصیلی. مجله مطالعات آموزش و یادگیری. دورة 3، شمارة 2، 61-45.
عبدالله‌پور، م. آ. (1394). تحلیل معادلات ساختاری الگوی شناختی ـ اجتماعی هیجانات پیشرفت: آزمون الگوهای رقیب. رسالة دکتری در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران.
عبدالله‌پور، م. آ.، درتاج، ف.، و احدی، ح. (1393). ارزیابی ساختار عاملی پرسشنامة هیجانات پیشرفت در دانشجویان ایرانی. فصلنامة مطالعات اندازه‌گیری و ارزشیابی آموزشی، دوره 4، شماره 8، 161-186.
American Institute of Stress. (2007). Stress, definition of stress, stressor. [Online]. Available: www.stress.org/topic-definition-stress.htm.[u1] 
Artino Jr, A. R., & Jones II, K. D. (2012). Exploring the complex relations between achievement emotions and self-regulated learning behaviors in online learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(3), 170-175.
Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 1-26.
Becker, E. S., Goetz, T., Morger, V., & Ranellucci, J. (2014). The importance of teachers' emotions and instructional behavior for their students' emotions–An experience sampling analysis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 43, 15-26.
Chen, J. (2016). Understanding teacher emotions: The development of a teacher emotion inventory. Teaching and Teacher Education, 55, 68-77.
Damasio, A. R. (2004, April). Emotions and feelings. In Feelings and emotions: the Amsterdam symposium (pp. 49-57). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Daniels, L. M., Haynes, T. L., Stupnisky, R. H., Perry, R. P., Newall, N. E., & Pekrun, R. (2008). Individual differences in achievement goals: A longitudinal study of cognitive, emotional, and achievement outcomes. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 33(4), 584-608.
Dörnyei, Z. (2001). New themes and approaches in second language motivation research. Annual review of applied linguistics, 21, 43-59.
Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual review of psychology, 53(1), 109-132.
Frydenberg, E. E. (2002). Beyond coping: Meeting goals, visions, and challenges. Oxford University Press.
Götz, T., Cronjaeger, H., Frenzel, A. C., Lüdtke, O., & Hall, N. C. (2010). Academic self-concept and emotion relations: Domain specificity and age effects. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 35(1), 44-58.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55.
Jiang, J., Vauras, M., Volet, S., & Wang, Y. (2016). Teachers' emotions and emotion regulation strategies: Self-and students' perceptions. Teaching and Teacher Education, 54, 22-31.
Kim, H. J., Shin, K. H., & Swanger, N. (2009). Burnout and engagement: A comparative analysis using the Big Five personality dimensions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(1), 96-104.
Kline, R. B. (2005). Methodology in the social sciences.
Klink, J. L., Byars‐Winston, A., & Bakken, L. L. (2008). Coping efficacy and perceived family support: potential factors for reducing stress in premedical students. Medical Education, 42(6), 572-579.
Lazarus, R. S. (2006). Stress and emotion: A new synthesis. Springer Publishing Company.
Marsh, H. W. (1987). The big-fish-little-pond effect on academic self-concept. Journal of educational psychology, 79(3), 280.
Martin, A. J. (2008). Enhancing student motivation and engagement: The effects of a multidimensional intervention. Contemporary educational psychology, 33(2), 239-269.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 397-422.
Meece, J. L., Glienke, B. B., & Burg, S. (2006). Gender and motivation. Journal of school psychology, 44(5), 351-373.
Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G., & Guarino, A. J. (2006). Data screening. Applied Multivariate Research-Design and Interpretation, 43-73.
Misra, R., McKean, M., West, S., & Russo, T. (2000). Academic stress of college students: Comparison of student and faculty perceptions. College Student Journal, 34(2).
Modin, B., Östberg, V., Toivanen, S., & Sundell, K. (2011). Psychosocial working conditions, school sense of coherence and subjective health complaints. A multilevel analysis of ninth grade pupils in the Stockholm area. Journal of adolescence, 34(1), 129-139.
Parker, P. D., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2011). Developmental processes in school burnout: A comparison of major developmental models. Learning and Individual Differences, 21(2), 244-248.
Pekmn, R., Goetz, T., & Titz, W. (2002). Academic emotions in students" self regulated learning and achievement: A program of quantitative and qualitative research. Educational Psychologist, 37, 91-106.
Pekrun, R., Elliot, A. J., & Maier, M. A. (2006). Achievement goals and discrete achievement emotions: A theoretical model and prospective test. Journal of educational Psychology, 98(3), 583.
Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Daniels, L. M., Stupnisky, R. H., & Perry, R. P. (2010). Boredom in achievement settings: Exploring control–value antecedents and performance outcomes of a neglected emotion. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(3), 531.
Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Frenzel, A. C., Barchfeld, P., & Perry, R. P. (2011). Measuring emotions in students’ learning and performance: The Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ). Contemporary educational psychology, 36(1), 36-48.
Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Perry, R. P., Kramer, K., Hochstadt, M., & Molfenter, S. (2004). Beyond test anxiety: Development and validation of the Test Emotions Questionnaire (TEQ). Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 17(3), 287-316.
Pekrun, R., Götz, T., & Perry, R. P. (2005). Achievement emotions questionnaire (AEQ). User’s manual. Unpublished Manuscript, University of Munich, Munich.
Pintrich, P. R. (2003). A motivational science perspective on the role of student motivation in learning and teaching contexts. Journal of educational Psychology, 95(4), 667.
Salmela-aro*, K., Näätänen, P., & Nurmi, J. E. (2004). The role of work-related personal projects during two burnout interventions: a longitudinal study. Work & Stress, 18(3), 208-230.
Salmela-Aro, K., & Upadaya, K. (2012). The schoolwork engagement inventory. European Journal of Psychological Assessment.
Salmela-Aro, K., Kiuru, N., Leskinen, E., & Nurmi, J. E. (2009). School burnout inventory (SBI) reliability and validity. European journal of psychological assessment, 25(1), 48-57.
Salmela-Aro, K., Kiuru, N., Leskinen, E., & Nurmi, J. E. (2009). School burnout inventory (SBI) reliability and validity. European journal of psychological assessment, 25(1), 48-57.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi‐sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2007). Efficacy or inefficacy, that's the question: Burnout and work engagement, and their relationships with efficacy beliefs. Anxiety, stress, and coping, 20(2), 177-196.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2007). Efficacy or inefficacy, that's the question: Burnout and work engagement, and their relationships with efficacy beliefs. Anxiety, stress, and coping, 20(2), 177-196.
Schaufeli, W. B., Martinez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. Journal of cross-cultural psychology, 33(5), 464-481.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness studies, 3(1), 71-92.
Scherer, K. R. (1984). On the nature and function of emotion: A component process approach. Approaches to emotion, 2293, 317.
Schwarzer, R., & Knoll, N. (2007). Functional roles of social support within the stress and coping process: A theoretical and empirical overview. International journal of psychology, 42(4), 243-252.
Seifert, T. (2004). Understanding student motivation. Educational research, 46(2), 137-149.
Skinner, E., Furrer, C., Marchand, G., & Kindermann, T. (2008). Engagement and disaffection in the classroom: Part of a larger motivational dynamic?. Journal of educational psychology, 100(4), 765.
Tuominen-Soini, H., Salmela-Aro, K., & Niemivirta, M. (2008). Achievement goal orientations and subjective well-being: A person-centred analysis. Learning and Instruction, 18(3), 251-266.
Tuominen-Soini, H., Salmela-Aro, K., & Niemivirta, M. (2011). Stability and change in achievement goal orientations: A person-centered approach. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36(2), 82-100.
Tuominen-Soini, H., Salmela-Aro, K., & Niemivirta, M. (2012). Achievement goal orientations and academic well-being across the transition to upper secondary education. Learning and Individual Differences, 22(3), 290-305.
Walburg, V. (2014). Burnout among high school students: A literature review. Children and Youth Services Review, 42, 28-33.
Weston, R., & Gore Jr, P. A. (2006). A brief guide to structural equation modeling. The counseling psychologist, 34(5), 719-751.
You, J. W., & Kang, M. (2014). The role of academic emotions in the relationship between perceived academic control and self-regulated learning in online learning. Computers & Education, 77, 125-133.
Zajacova, A., Lynch, S. M., & Espenshade, T. J. (2005). Self-efficacy, stress, and academic success in college. Research in higher education, 46(6), 677-706.