Perception of Puberty Anxiety and Coping with It Based on Adolescents’ Lived Experiences; A Qualitative Study

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

2 PhD Student in Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

3 Master of School Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract
Puberty is a period of various challenges. Despite the importance of this period and its physical, psychological, and social effects, puberty anxiety has been less studied as a specific type of anxiety that students experience on the verge of entering adolescence and adopt different strategies to cope with it. This study aimed to investigate the perception of puberty anxiety and coping with it in adolescent students. This study was conducted using a qualitative and content analysis method, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 16 adolescent students who were selected through purposive sampling. Data obtained from interviews were divided into nine main themes. These themes were organized into three general categories: factors underlying puberty anxiety, strategies for constructively dealing with puberty anxiety, and the role of peers in stabilizing or transitioning from puberty. Finally, the core category of “constructive coping strategies based on underlying factors and the role of peers” was obtained. The findings of this study indicate that increasing awareness and education about puberty changes, empathetic and facilitative relationships, and creating supportive environments can play an important role in reducing puberty anxiety and helping adolescent students successfully transition from this developmental stage.

Method: This study was conducted using a qualitative and content analysis method, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 16 adolescent students who were selected through purposive sampling.
Results: Data obtained from interviews were divided into nine main themes. These themes were organized into three general categories: factors underlying puberty anxiety, strategies for constructively dealing with puberty anxiety, and the role of peers in stabilizing or transitioning from puberty. Finally, the core category of “constructive coping strategies based on underlying factors and the role of peers” was obtained.
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that increasing awareness and education about puberty changes, empathetic and facilitative relationships, and creating supportive environments can play an important role in reducing puberty anxiety and helping adolescents successfully transition from this developmental stage.

Keywords

Subjects

امیدپور، آرزو، برادران، مجید و رنجبر نوشری، فرزانه. (1399). اثربخشی آموزش قدردانی بر همدلی و مهارت‌های ارتباطی دختران نوجوان. پژوهش‌های روان‌شناسی اجتماعی، 10(38)، 151166.  https://doi.org/10.22034/spr.2020.114706
اکبری بلوطبنگان، افضل، طالع پسند، سیاوش، رضایی، علی‌محمد و رحیمیان بوگر، اسحق. (1401). اثربخشی برنامه آموزش کنترل قلدری به روش‌شناختی- رفتاری بر مشکلات بین‌فردی نوجوانان پسر قلدر. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی تربیتی، 18(66)، 147-168. https://doi.org/10.22054/jep.2022.62410.3417
حبیبی، حسن، احمدی، صدیقه و زهراکار، کیانوش. (1399). اثربخشی آموزش مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد (ACT) بر روابط والد-فرزندی و سرسختی روان‌شناختی نوجوانان پسر. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی تربیتی، 16(58)، 169-188. https://doi.org/10.22054/jep.2021.49164.2870
حسینی، زهرا، اکبری ترکستانی، نعیمه، مجیدی، عابد و مسلمی، اعظم. (1400). تأثیر مشاوره گروهی بلوغ مبتنی بر حل مسئله بر نگرانی‌های سلامت دختران نوجوان. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، 24(4)، 470481. https://doi.org/10.32598/jams.24.4.538.2
دهستانی، مهدی، ابراهیمی، مریم و ابوهاشمی‌مقدم، سیده زهره. (1399). پیش‌بینی مهارت ارتباط بین‌فردی دانش‌آموزان بر اساس بلوغ عاطفی و اضطراب اجتماعی. پژوهش‌های روان‌شناسی اجتماعی، 9(36)، 115128. https://www.socialpsychology.ir/article_105546.html
رهدار، محمد، صیدی، محمد سجاد و رشیدی، علیرضا. (1399). تحلیل مسیر فراغت خانواده به رشد اجتماعی با واسطه‌گری کیفیت ارتباط والدنوجوان و کیفیت ارتباط با همسالان. پژوهش‌های روان‌شناسی اجتماعی، 10(37)، 2944. https://doi.org/10.22034/spr.2020.109695
صفری شالی، رضا و عبدمولایی، آتیه. (1394). تأثیر عوامل اجتماعی شدن بر هویت نوجوانان (همسالان، مدرسه و رسانه). خانواده و پژوهش، 12(2)، 117136. https://qjfr.ir/article-1-56-fa.html
محمدی، سارا، متقی، زهرا، کرامت، افسانه، گلی، شهربانو و موسوی، سید عباس. (1398). تأثیر آموزش از طریق همسالان بر آگاهی و عملکرد دختران پیرامون سلامت بلوغ. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، 29(177)، 124138.  http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-13474-fa.html
الهامی، حدیث؛ شریعتمدار، آسیه و جعفرزاده، دنیا. (1402). بسترهای زمینه‌ساز خویشتن‌داری و مقاومت نوجوانان در برابر فشار همسالان در ارتباط با جنس مخالف. پژوهش‌نامه زنان، 14(46)، 27-60. https://doi.org/10.30465/ws.2024.45228.3853
یعقوبی، سارا، بیرشک، بیژن، آقابتی، آرش و عاشوری، احمد. (1400). نقش میانجی شرم بیرونی و خودمهربانی در رابطه بین قربانی شدن توسط همسالان و افسردگی در نوجوانان. مجله ایرانی روان‌پزشکی و روان‌شناسی بالینی، 27(1)، 1631. https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3288.1
Akbari Balootbangan, A., Taleh Pasand, S., Rezaei, A. M., & Rahimian Buger, E. (2022). The effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral bullying control training program on interpersonal problems of aggressive male adolescents. Journal of Educational Psychology Quarterly, 18(66), 147–168. https://doi.org/10.22054/jep.2022.62410.3417
Bathran, C., & Samuel, A. J. (2024). A phenomenological qualitative study protocol and semi‑structured interview guide development to identify perceptions, experiences, facilitators and inhibitors in patients with knee osteoarthritis under physiotherapy treatment. Musculoskeletal Care. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/msc.70001
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Castagna, P. J., Edgar, E. V., Delpech, R., Topel, S., Kortink, E. D., van der Molen, M. J. W., & Crowley, M. J. (2024). Computational modeling of social evaluative decision‑making elucidates individual differences in adolescent anxiety. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 34(4), 1365–1377. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12999
Dagan, O., Schuengel, C., Verhage, M. L., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Sagi-Schwartz, A., Madigan, S., Duschinsky, R., Roisman, G. I., Bernard, K., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M., Bureau, J. F., Volling, B. L., Wong, M. S., Colonnesi, C., Brown, G. L., Eiden, R. D., Fearon, R. M. P., Oosterman, M., Aviezer, O., … Collaboration on Attachment to Multiple Parents and Outcomes Synthesis. (2021). Configurations of mother-child and father-child attachment as predictors of internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems: An individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2021(180), 67–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20450
Dehestani, M., Ebrahimi, M., & Aboohashemi‑Moghaddam, S. Z. (2020). Predicting interpersonal communication skills in students based on emotional maturity and social anxiety. Social Psychology Research, 9(36), 115–128. https://www.socialpsychology.ir/article_105546.html [In Persian]
Delgado, E., Serna, C., Martínez, I., & Cruise, E. (2022). Parental attachment and peer relationships in adolescence: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1064. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031064
Elhami, H., Shariatmadar, A., & Jafarzadeh, D. (2023). Foundations of self‑restraint and adolescents’ resistance against peer pressure in relation to the opposite sex. Women’s Studies (Pajouhesh‑Name‑ye Zanān), 14(46), 27–60. https://doi.org/10.30465/ws.2024.45228.3853
Elhami, H., Shariatmadar, A., & Jafarzadeh, D. (2023). Foundations of self‑restraint and adolescents’ resistance against peer pressure in relation to the opposite sex. Women’s Studies (Pajouhesh‑Name‑ye Zanān), 14(46), 27–60. https://doi.org/10.30465/ws.2024.45228.3853 [In Persian]
Fatemi, M., Nazemian, N., Zarei, N., Mehraeen, M., Kalateh‑Sadati, A., & Joulaei, H. (2024). Ignored sexual and reproductive health education for adolescents: Findings from a qualitative study in Southwest Iran. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 21(4), 1351–1362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-023-00834-y
Habibi, H., Ahmadi, S., & Zehrakar, K. (2020). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) training on parent–child relationships and psychological hardiness of adolescent boys. Journal of Educational Psychology Quarterly, 16(58), 169–188. https://doi.org/10.22054/jep.2021.49164.2870 [In Persian]
Hards, E., Ellis, J., Fisk, J., & Reynolds, S. (2020). Negative view of the self and symptoms of depression in adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 262, 143-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.012
Keles, B., McCrae, N., & Grealish, A. (2020). A systematic review: The influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1590851
Kishor, D., Madaiah, M., Munipapanna, S., & Sonnappa, S. D. (2019). Effectiveness of adolescent health education among secondary and senior secondary school girls in rural Bangalore. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 6(10), 4336–4343. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194491
Kretzer, S., Lawrence, A. J., Pollard, R., Ma, X., Chen, P. J., Amasi‑Hartoonian, N., Pariante, C., Vallée, C., Meaney, M., & Dazzan, P. (2024). The dynamic interplay between puberty and structural brain development as a predictor of mental health difficulties in adolescence: A systematic review. Biological Psychiatry, 96(7), 585–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.06.012
Li, D., & Guo, X. (2023). The effect of the time parents spend with children on children’s well‑being. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, Article 1096128. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1096128
Lo, A. Y. H., & Grotevant, H. D. (2020). Adoptive parenting cognitions: Acknowledgement of differences as a predictor of adolescents’ attachment to parents. Parenting: Science and Practice, 20(2), 83–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2019.1694826
Madigan, S., Racine, N., Vaillancourt, T., Korczak, D. J., Hewitt, J. M. A., Pador, P., Park, J. L., McArthur, B. A., Holy, C., & Neville, R. D. (2023). Changes in depression and anxiety among children and adolescents from before to during the COVID‑19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 177(6), 567–581. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.0846
Mohamadi, S., Motaghi, Z., Keramat, A., Goli, Sh., & Mosavi, S. A. (2019). Effect of peer‑education on puberty knowledge and practice in girls. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 29(177), 124–138. http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-13474-fa.html [In Persian]
Omidpour, A., Baradaran, M., & Ranjbar‑Noushri, F. (2020). Effectiveness of gratitude training on empathy and communication skills in adolescent girls. Social Psychology Research, 10(38), 151–166. https://doi.org/10.22034/spr.2020.114706 [In Persian]
Pickering, L., Hadwin, J. A., & Kovshoff, H. (2020). The role of peers in the development of social anxiety in adolescent girls: A systematic review. Adolescent Research Review, 5(4), 341–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-019-00117-x
Rahdar, M., Seydi, M. S., & Rashidi, A. (2020). Path analysis of family leisure to social development through mediating quality of parent–adolescent communication and peer relationships. Social Psychology Research, 10(37), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.22034/spr.2020.109695 [In Persian]
Ramdinmawii, & Yadav, P. (2025). Effectiveness of school‑based education intervention on knowledge regarding pubertal changes in girls among adolescent girls. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 28(2S), 1968–1974. https://doi.org/10.53555/AJBR.v28i2S.7703
Rayan, A., Harb, A. M., Baqeas, M. H., Al‑Khashashneh, O. Z., & Harb, E. (2022). The relationship of family and school environments with depression, anxiety, and stress among Jordanian students: A cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Nursing, 8, Article 23779608221138432. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608221138432
Rouhparvar, Z., Shahali, S., & Javadnoori, M. (2019). Parents’ perceptions of challenges of male adolescent’s sexual education: A qualitative study. Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences, 8(3), 260–270. https://jqr1.kmu.ac.ir/article_90980.html
Safarishali, R., & Abd‑Molaee, A. (2015). The impact of socialization factors on adolescents’ identity (peers, school, and mass media). Quarterly Journal of Family and Research, 12(2), 117–136. https://qjfr.ir/article-1-56-fa.html [In Persian]
Safira, D., & Yarni, L. (2024). Perkembangan masa puber. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial (JUPENDIS), 2(4), 01–18. https://doi.org/10.54066/jupendis.v2i4.2107
Susanti, N., Adawiyah, A. A., Pratiwi, A., Siregar, N. S., & Inayah, F. (2024). The influence of peer relationships on smoking behavior & drug abuse in adolescents. HEARTY, 12(3), 599–603. https://doi.org/10.32832/hearty.v12i3.16706
Thomsen, A. M. L., Ernst, A., Strandberg‑Larsen, K., Rask, C. U., Gaml‑Sørensen, A., Clemmensen, P. J., Benson, T. E., Brix, N., Arah, O. A., & Ramlau‑Hansen, C. H. (2026). Pubertal timing and tempo and anxiety symptoms, disorders and treatments in Danish adolescents: A population‑based follow‑up study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 393(Part B), Article 120425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.120425
van der Cruijsen, R., Begeer, S., & Crone, E. A. (2024). The role of autism and alexithymia traits in behavioral and neural indicators of self‑concept and self‑esteem in adolescence. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 28(9), 2346–2361. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613241232860
van Rijn, R., Lee, N. C., Hollarek, M., Sijtsma, H., Walsh, R. J., van Buuren, M., Braams, B. R., & Krabbendam, L. (2023). The effect of relative pubertal maturation and perceived popularity on symptoms of depression and social anxiety in adolescent boys and girls. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 52(11), 2384–2403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01836-0
Wójcik, M., Starzyk, J. B., Drożdż, M., & Drożdż, D. (2023). Effects of puberty on blood pressure trajectories — underlying processes. Current Hypertension Reports, 25(7), 117–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-023-01241-9
Yaghoubi, S., Birashk, B., Aghebati, A., & Ashouri, A. (2021). Mediating role of external shame and self‑compassion in the relationship between peer victimization and depression in adolescents. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 27(1), 16–31. https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3288.1 [In Persian]
Ybarra, M. L., Price‑Feeney, M., & Mitchell, K. J. (2019). A cross‑sectional study examining the (in)congruency of sexual identity, sexual behavior, and romantic attraction among adolescents in the US. The Journal of Pediatrics, 214, 201–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.06.046