Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Master of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

2 PhD Student in Educational Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

3 BSc in General Psychology, Payame Noor University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran.

4 Master of Educational Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran.

5 Master of General Psychology, Marvdasht Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.

Abstract

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of social cognition in the relationship between intelligence believes and academic engagement. The method of present study was descriptive and correlational research. The statistical population comprised all students in Shiraz city in the 95-96 school year, of which, 300 (174 girls and 126 boys) samples were selected by cluster sampling. Data were gathered by social cognition questionnaire, academic engagement questionnaire and intelligence believe questionnaire. The methods used for analyzing was Pearson correlation and path analysis. The results of the correlation matrix showed that there is a significant correlation between all variables of this study, which includes of social cognition, academic engagement and intelligence believe in the p < .0/01.increase intelligence had a direct influence on The vigor and dedication dimensions. Inherent intelligences had no significant relationship whit research’s variables. Following analysis revealed the significant mediating role of social cognition in the relationship between intelligence believe and academic engagement. In general, it can be concluded that the social cognition and intelligence believe are two of the most important factors for investigating the academic engagement.

Keywords

خروشی، پ؛ نیلی، م و عابدی، ا. (1393). رابطۀ اشتیاق عاطفی و شناختی یادگیری با خودکارآمدی دانش­آموزان؛ دانشگاه فرهنگیان اصفهان. راهبرد­های آموزشی در علوم پزشکی، 7 (2)، 234-229.
عبدالله پور، م.آ؛ شکری، اٌ. (1394). تحلیل مشخصه­های روان‌سنجی فهرست مشغولیت تحصیلی در دانشجویان ایرانی. مجلۀ مطالبات آموزش و یادگیری. دورۀ هفتم، شمارۀ دوم، پیاپی 1/69، صفحۀ 90-108.
Ainley, M. & Ainley, J. (2011). Student engagement with science in early adolescence: The contribution of enjoyment to students’ continuing interest in learning about science. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36(1), 4-12.
Appleton, J. J. Christenson, S. L. Kim, D. & Reschly, A. L. (2006). Measuring cognitive and psychological engagement: Validation of the Student Engagement Instrument. Journal of School Psychology, 44(5), 427-445.
Assor, A. Kaplan, H. Kanat-Maymon, Y. & Roth, G. (2005). Directly controlling teacher behaviors as predictors of poor motivation and engagement in girls and boys: The role of anger and anxiety. Learning and Instruction, 15(5), 397-413.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Macmillan.
Buck, B. (2013). The Narrative Of Emotions Task: A Psychometric Study Of Social Cognition And Social Functioning In Individuals With Schizophrenia (Master dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.unc.edu/~dpenn/theses.html.
Cho, M. H. & Cho, Y. (2014). Instructor scaffolding for interaction and students' academic engagement in online learning: Mediating role of perceived online class goal structures. The Internet and Higher Education, 21, 25-30.
Couture, S. M. Granholm, E. L. & Fish, S. C. (2011). A path model investigation of neurocognition, theory of mind, social competence, negative symptoms and real-world functioning in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia research, 125(2), 152-160.
Cummings, M. E. (2015). The mate choice mind: studying mate preference, aversion and social cognition in the female poeciliid brain. Animal behaviour, 103, 249-258.
Dimaggio, G. Lysaker, P. H. Carcione, A. Nicolo, G. & Semerari, A. (2008). Know yourself and you shall know the other… to a certain extent: multiple paths of influence of self-reflection on mindreading. Consciousness and cognition, 17(3), 778-789.
Dupeyrat, C. & Mariné, C. (2005). Implicit theories of intelligence, goal orientation, cognitive engagement, and achievement: A test of Dweck’s model with returning to school adults. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 30(1), 43-59.
Dweck, C. S. (2000). Self-theories: Their role in motivation, personality, and development. Psychology Press.
Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House Incorporated.
Dweck, C. S. & Leggett, E. L. (1988). A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. Psychological review, 95(2), 256.
DWECK, C. S. & MOLDEN, D. C. (2017). Their Impact on Competence Motivation and Acquisition. Handbook of Competence and Motivation: Theory and Application, 135.
Elffers, L. Oort, F. J. & Karsten, S. (2012). Making the connection: The role of social and academic school experiences in students' emotional engagement with school in post-secondary vocational education. Learning and Individual Differences, 22(2), 242-250.
Galla, B. M. Wood, J. J. Tsukayama, E. Har, K. Chiu, A. W. & Langer, D. A. (2014). A longitudinal multilevel model analysis of the within-person and between-person effect of effortful engagement and academic self-efficacy on academic performance. Journal of School Psychology, 52(3), 295-308.
Gomila, T. & Calvo, P. (2008). Directions for an embodied cognitive science: toward an integrated approach. Handbook of cognitive science: An embodied approach, 1-25.
Good, T. & Brophy, J. (2003). Looking in classroom. New York. Longman.
Green, M. F. Nuechterlein, K. H. Kern, R. S. Baade, L. E. Fenton, W. S. Gold, J. M. ... & Marder, S. R. (2008). Functional co-primary measures for clinical trials in schizophrenia: results from the MATRICS Psychometric and Standardization Study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(2), 221-228.
Heiskanen, H. & Lonka, K. (2012). Are epistemological beliefs and motivational strategies related to study engagement in higher education? Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69, 306-313.
Martin, A. J. & Liem, G. A. D. (2010). Academic personal bests (PBs), engagement, and achievement: A cross-lagged panel analysis. Learning and Individual Differences, 20(3), 265-270.
Nijmeijer, J. S. Minderaa, R. B. Buitelaar, J. K. Mulligan, A. Hartman, C. A. & Hoekstra, P. J. (2008). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and social dysfunctioning. Clinical psychology review, 28(4), 692-708.
Oliveira, R. F. (2013). Mind the fish: zebrafish as a model in cognitive social neuroscience. Frontiers in neural circuits, 7, 131.
Pinkham, A. E. Penn, D. L. Green, M. F. Buck, B. Healey, K. & Harvey, P. D. (2013). The social cognition psychometric evaluation study: results of the expert survey and RAND panel. Schizophrenia bulletin, 40(4), 813-823.
Salmela-Aro, K. Tolvanen, A. & Nurmi, J. E. (2009). Achievement strategies during university studies predict early career burnout and engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(2), 162-172.
schizophrenia: results from the MATRICS Psychometric and Standardization Study. Am. J. Psychiatry 165 (2), 221–228.
Shettleworth, S. J. (2010). Cognition, evolution, and behavior. Oxford University Press.
Simões, J. M. Barata, E. N. Harris, R. M. O’Connell, L. A. Hofmann, H. A. & Oliveira, R. F. (2015). Social odors conveying dominance and reproductive information induce rapid physiological and neuromolecular changes in a cichlid fish. BMC genomics, 16(1), 114.
Uekermann, J. Kraemer, M. Abdel-Hamid, M. Schimmelmann, B. G. Hebebrand, J. Daum, I. ... & Kis, B. (2010). Social cognition in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuroscience & biobehavioral reviews, 34(5), 734-743.
Usher, E. L. & Pajares, F. (2006). Sources of academic and self-regulatory efficacy beliefs of entering middle school students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 31(2), 125-141.
Van Lange, P. A. Kruglanski, A. W. & Higgins, E. T. (2011). Handbook of theories of social psychology: Volume two (Vol. 2). SAGE publications.
Walker, K. W. & Pearce, M. (2014). Student engagement in one-shot library instruction. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 40(3-4), 281-290.
Weitekamp, C. A. & Hofmann, H. A. (2014). Evolutionary themes in the neurobiology of social cognition. Current opinion in neurobiology, 28, 22-27.
Wonglorsaichon, B. Wongwanich, S. & Wiratchai, N. (2014). The influence of students school engagement on learning achievement: A structural equation modeling analysis. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 1748-1755.