بازطراحی و بازتفسیر الگوی بوم‌شناختی آموزش خواندن در دوره ابتدایی ایران: رویکردی آمیخته بر پایه تعامل عوامل آموزشی و غیرآموزشی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رشته تکنولوژی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه تکنولوژی آموزشی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران. مدیر هسته پژوهشی بومی‌گرایی طراحی یادگیری و تولید رسانه‌های دیجیتال مبتنی بر فرهنگ ایرانی.

3 گروه تکنولوژی آموزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

4 گروه سنجش و اندازه‌گیری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده
هدف این پژوهش، بازطراحی و تفسیر یک الگوی جامع و بومی برای آموزش خواندن در دوره ابتدایی ایران بر اساس رویکرد بوم‌شناختی است. ضرورت انجام این تحقیق از آنجا ناشی می‌شود که نتایج ارزیابی‌های بین‌المللی مانند پرلز، ضعف قابل توجه دانش‌آموزان ایرانی در سطوح بالای درک مطلب را آشکار ساخته است. این مطالعه با بهره‌گیری از روش تحقیق آمیخته و طرح اکتشافیتوصیفی انجام شد. در بخش کیفی، داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با معلمان، کارشناسان و پژوهشگران حوزه سواد خواندن گردآوری و با تحلیل مضمون بررسی شد. بخش کمی شامل طراحی پرسشنامه مبتنی بر یافته‌های کیفی، بررسی روایی محتوایی و سازه، و سنجش پایایی با آلفای کرونباخ بود. نتایج سؤال اول نشان داد که ادراک خواندن حاصل تعامل شش مؤلفه کلان است: بافتاریزمینهای، انگیزشیخواننده، شناختی، زبانی، بافتاری غیرآموزشی و آموزشی. یافته‌های سؤال دوم این مؤلفه‌ها را در قالب چهار دسته اصلی «آموزشی، غیرآموزشی، شناختی، زبانی» با روابط متقابل شبکه‌ای بازتعریف کرد. تحلیل مقایسه‌ای نشان داد که مدل پیشنهادی نسبت به الگوهای رایج مانند RAND، DIME و نظریه بوم‌شناختی برونفن برنر، هم‌راستایی مفهومی دارد اما با تأکید بر تعامل اکولوژیک عوامل، دیدگاهی جامع‌تر ارائه می‌دهد. نتیجه‌گیری این پژوهش بیانگر آن است که مداخلات مؤثر در آموزش خواندن باید چندبعدی، یکپارچه و هم‌زمان عوامل مدرسه‌ای و برون مدرسه‌ای را پوشش دهند. این الگو می‌تواند مبنایی برای سیاست‌گذاری، بهبود تدریس معلمان و ارتقای عدالت آموزشی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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