saber abdolmaleki; Mahboubeh Khosravi; mostafa ghaderi; hassan maleki
Abstract
Play is one of the significant components and indicators of educating system in early childhood, which is an unclear concept and act especially in the classroom because of its ambiguous definition.The goal of current research is identifying free play components in children educating – learning ...
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Play is one of the significant components and indicators of educating system in early childhood, which is an unclear concept and act especially in the classroom because of its ambiguous definition.The goal of current research is identifying free play components in children educating – learning process. The qualitative research method is research synthesis study.The research universe includes all of the scientific resources in the field of free play during 1950-2019.The sampling method was purposive that includes the sources with enough indicators and to reach to theoretical saturation 59studies were perused.These studies are synthesis with Sandelowski and Barroso(2007)method.At last considering these researches we can provide twelve components for free play:voluntary choice , Child-centered .(active),Flexibility of the rules,Without a specific purpose, .Uncertain,Process oriented,safety,Intrinsic motivation,imagination,Deep physical and mental conflict,Enjoyable and fun,Individual and group.play, free play,. child learning.Identifying .the components of free play during Teaching-learning process in early childhood.play, free play, child learning learning
iman afkhami; parviz sharifi
Abstract
The spontaneous language sample forms an important part of the language evaluation protocol. Language samples give us some useful information about how children interact with others, and evaluation of speech performed regarding continuous speech sample. The purpose of this study is to compare of linguistic ...
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The spontaneous language sample forms an important part of the language evaluation protocol. Language samples give us some useful information about how children interact with others, and evaluation of speech performed regarding continuous speech sample. The purpose of this study is to compare of linguistic structures of Conversation(CV), Freeplay(FP), and Story Generation(SG) as Methods of Language Sample Elicitation. 30 semnanian 5-year-old boys, who have a normal development in language and speech, were selected among active kinder garden throught the town by cluster sampling method. Their language samples elicited by these 3 language sample elicitation methods in 15 minutes. Linguistic structures of these language samples, with use of 3 quality evaluation methods of speech including 1. number of utterances, 2. mean length of the utterance(MLU), and 3. lexical variety, are assessed. Means of these structures are analyzed by dependent ANOVA. The result show no significant difference regarding number of elicited utterances among these 3 language sample methods. Story generation, in comparison of FP and CV, elicits more MLU, and conversation, in comparison of FP and SG, elicits more lexical variety. Therefore we can conclude that in clinical evaluation, when there is more MLU, we have to use story generation, and when there is more lexical variety, we have to use conversation method for elicitation.