Educational Psychology

Abstract The aim of the present study was to develop an academic self-confidence training protocol for students with special learning disabilities. The research method was comparative content analysis. Sampling was started in a purposeful way and written sources with the topic of self-confidence were used. Then, the content of books and articles was analyzed in terms of components related to academic self-confidence. In this study, educational components were first extracted, then they were classified in the form of basic content, main component and secondary component. The academic self-confidence educational package is based on 6 comprehensive themes including: academic vitality (with themes that create motivation and academic involvement), academic self-efficacy (with themes that create a sense of competence and self-confidence), self-regulation (with themes that create self-awareness), self-monitoring, purposefulness, self-management and the use of effective learning strategies), scientific thinking (with the themes of critical thinking, creative thinking and cognitive flexibility), executive skills (with the themes of planning and organization, attention control and concentration, problem solving, and resilience) were formulated with the constructive themes of stress management, emotion management, adaptation and positive interactions and self-care. The educational self-confidence training model obtained can be used in the formulation of the intervention for the education of students with specific learning disorders, along with other existing interventions.    

Abstract The purpose of the present study is to investigate the degree of attention of the second-stage elementary school's textbooks from the viewpoint of stimulating students' curiosity. The research method is descriptive (content analysis). The population consists of all textbooks of grades 4,5,6 which includes 9 volumes of books. Data was gathered using a researcher-made scale. To ensure the validity of the researcher-made scale, it was reviewed by 11 experts in the field of educational sciences and educational psychology. The validity of the checklist was calculated and confirmed using the CVI index (Waltz and Bausell). To ensure the scale reliability, the composite reliability coefficient was calculated (0.89) and showed that the tool has high reliability. The unit of analysis was theme and descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage as well as tables and graphs were used for data analysis. The findings indicated that the content of the second-stage elementary school's textbooks did not pay equal and balanced attention to the components of curiosity. More attention has been paid to the components of "independent activity" and "questioning"; while the components of "surprising" and "freshness" were paid less attention. Another finding of this research showed that in sixth-grade textbooks more attention is paid to students' curiosity than in fourth and fifth grades. Considering that children's curiosity is an important factor for learning and creating internal learning motivation, it is suggested that curriculum planners and textbook authors pay more attention to it in designing elementary school textbooks.

Abstract This study has been done with the purpose the investigating the direct and indirect effects between academic self-efficacy, 3×2 achievement goals, and intrinsic-extrinsic motivation of secondary school students in Anar city. In this correlational study, 270 students were selected by multistage cluster sampling method and responded to items of the achievement motivation scale by Vallerand et al (1992), the academic self-efficacy subscale of Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire by Pintrich & Degroot (1990), and 3×2 achievement goals questionnaire by Elliot, Murayama, and Pekrun (2011). Data were also analyzed using the path analysis method. The results showed that the direct effect of academic self-efficacy on task-approach, task-avoidance, self-approach, self-avoidance, other-approach, other-avoidance goals, and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation was significant. Other results showed that the direct effect of task-approach, self-approach, self-avoidance, and other-avoidance goals on intrinsic motivation was significant but the direct effect of task-avoidance and other-approach goals was not significant. the direct effect of self-avoidance on extrinsic motivation was significant but the direct effect of task-approach, task-avoidance, other-approach, other-avoidance, and self-approach goals was not significant. The mediating findings also showed that task-approach, self-approach, and self-avoidance goals had a significant mediating role in the relationship between academic self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation. As well as self-avoidance goals had a significant mediating role in the relationship between academic self-efficacy and extrinsic motivation. These results indicate that the type of achievement goals that learners adopt, can affect the relationship between academic self-efficacy and the type of learner motivation, especially the effect on intrinsic motivation..

Abstract After the Covid-19 pandemic, university classrooms were closed for a while, but immediately with the immediate decision of university officials, the will was decided to hold classes virtually and electronically; This demand was somehow imposed on the students without examining whether the students had the necessary support in this way or not. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the readiness of students to learn in the electronic context and the effect of these factors on academic achievement. In the present study, several factors have been studied to explain students' academic achievement in the future, some of which are related to the personality traits of the learner (student), including conscientiousness, self-regulation, academic resilience, and some to their attitudes, including attitudes toward digital technologies. And attitudes towards e-learning systems. After electronicizing the research tool electronically, it was given to the students of the inferential statistics course of the undergraduate course after the end of teaching. In order to analyze the multiple relationships between variables, the structural equation model has been used using the partial least squares and the most important results can be the lack of conscientiousness effect and the direct significance of resilience and self-regulation on academic achievement. Following the results of this research, suggestions have been made for e-learners of universities and officials.

Abstract This study investigated the antecedents and outcomes of goal orientation in a causal model in which student-teacher interaction and self-efficacy were considered as endogenous variables, goal orientation as the mediating variable and academic buoyancy as the exogenous variable. Participants were 516 high school students (291 boys and 225 girls) in Kazeroun who completed Academic Buoyancy Questionnaire (Hosseinchari & Dehghani, 1391), Goal Orientation Scale (Elliot & Mcgregor, 2001), Teacher-Students Interaction Questionnaire (Wubbles, Creton, Levy & Hooymayer, 1993), and Self-efficacy Scale (Moris, 2001). Descriptive statistical methods and path analysis were used to test the model. Results revealed that emotional and social self-efficacy dimensions of self-efficacy predicted academic buoyancy both directly and indirectly, through mastery approach goal orientation. However, academic self-efficacy only predicted academic buoyancy through mastery approach goal orientation. None of the teacher-student interaction dimensions predicted academic buoyancy directly. Mastery-avoidance goal orientation mediated the relationship between control and orientation dimensions of teacher-student interaction and academic buoyancy. After all, the research findings contributed theoretical knowledge, academic buoyancy and provide some for implications promoting students’ academic buoyancy skill more implications and justificationson of the results discussed in the final chapter.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the family support, friends support and others support on the academic Performance with the mediating role of academic self-efficacy, academic resilience and academic engagement. This descriptive correlational study was performed on students of Payam Noor University of Bojnourd. 500 students who were selected through multi stage stratified random sampling method completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the College Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, the Academic Resilience Inventory and the Schoolwork Engagement Inventory. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test and path analysis in SPSSV19 and AMOSV20 software. The results of Pearson correlation showed that there is a positive and meaningful correlation between all of variables in model. Also results of path analysis showed that family support and friends support had a significant role in predicting academic performance either directly or indirectly with the mediation of academic self-efficacy, academic resilience and academic engagement. The direct effect of others support on academic performance was not significant. But this variable also had a significant effect in predicting academic performance with the mediation of other variables. In general, the research findings showed that family support, friends support, academic self-efficacy, academic resilience and academic engagement play a determining role in predicting academic performance. Therefore, according to the findings of this study, it is recommended that the necessary measures be taken to increase social support, academic self-efficacy, academic resilience and academic engagement in order to enhance the academic performance of students.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to provide a meta-analysis method for combining the Quantitative Result of different study about relationship between goal orientation and academic achievement. To achieve this goal, we used the qualitative findings of 23 researches from which 82 effect sizes were obtained. The statistical population of the study is all articles in SID database . After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the selected statistical indicators were analyzed by CMA software version 2. The size of combined effect of random model was 207/0 for Mastery Goal Orientations, 020/0 for Mastery -avoidance goals, 094/0 for Performance Goal Orientations ،, and 068/0- for performance-avoidance goals. this effect sizes were significant for Mastery and performance Goal Orientations and Non-significant for Mastery and performance -avoidance goals. Being significant effect size for Mastery and performance Goal Orientations represents both a significant and a positive impact on educational attainment. But, according to Cohen's criteria, this effect size has a slight effect. In other words, this relationship is low in the studied population.

Abstract Aim: Investigating the Effect of Augmented Reality Technology Using the Merrill Educational Design Model on the Academic Achievement of High School Students in Biology. The present research method is Applied research and the data collection method is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The target community in its current research is the eleventh elementary school of experimental sciences in the high schools in the new city of Andishe, who studied in the academic year of 96-97. Khadijeh High School was selected according to available method ,to conduct the research And the individuals were randomly replaced in three groups. After the design of the Secondary Biology curriculum design, the Augmented Reality software based on the scientific data of the part was produced and implemented on the first experimental group of student. In order to collect data, the academic achievement test, which were designed by the researcher based on the content of the course, were used.
findings: For analyzing the data at the level of descriptive statistics, statistical methods of mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics of covariance analysis methods were used. The result of research shows that the comparison of the academic achievement of students who were trained in the augmented reality software method (experimental group 1)compared with those who were trained in the educational design (experimental group 2) and methodology control group had a better function.
Conclusion: Using augmented reality technology with the Merrill design model leads to students' academic achievement in the subject of biology.

Abstract This study was aimed to investigate the effect of online multi-user educational computer games as one of the new methods of teaching on social skills and cognitive abilities. The research method was pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all students of elementary school in Uremia which was selected using purposeful sampling of Nowshan School and Among the students of this school, the fourth elementary school was selected and divided into control and experimental groups, so that 15 subjects were in the experimental group and 15 in the control group. Social skills and cognitive skills questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the use of multi-user educational computer games on social skills and cognitive ability of students significantly (cognitive ability (F = 181/10) and social skills (F = 156/001)) is more effective than the usual method.

Abstract ۱۲۰۴/۵۰۰۰
Child upbringing is an essential principle in life and is considered to be a key element of parenthood. But this important task and essential parenting mission for parents requires obtaining the moral merit necessary for the process of education, in order to obtain moral merit in behavior Moral parenting. For this purpose, it is necessary for Wald to first have a proper understanding of merit and ethical competence, in order to gain theoretical knowledge and to analyze related issues of being able to move towards ethical conduct. In this research, we propose a definition for moral merit. We have been developed in a general way so that it can be used Different times, in different contexts and for different purposes be provided. The meaning of the term moral competence has also been operationalized in a conceptual framework that utilizes both research on merit and ethics, parenting and education, and a look at the usefulness of research And action.
In addition, we believe that the program of moral eligibility for child rearing should be based on the overall development or growth of the entire parental personality, and the duration of the programs is planned in such a way that the parent is continually assigned to the parent's duties and ethical competencies required for Inform them.
Key words: Competency, moral competence, child upbringing, ethical behavior

Abstract The purpose of this study was to predict the students' boredom in social studies based on the variables of classroom structure, teaching quality and support Affective of the teacher. The statistical population of this study was all 9th grade high school students in Shiraz, in the academic year 1395-96. A sample of 379 people was selected by random cluster sampling. To collect the required data, the questionnaire was used for the study of academic boredom (Pekrun et al., 2002 and 2005), the quality of teaching by Cyriakides et al. (2000), Affective support of teacher Sakiz (2007) and the classroom structure of Eliot and Charch (2001). Data analysis was performed using appropriate statistical tests at descriptive and inferential levels. The results showed that the dimensions of class structure (task, Authority and Harsh in Evaluation) were able to predict academic boredom, and there was a negative and significant relationship between these dimensions and academic boredom of students in social studies lessons. On the other hand, the dimension focus evaluation ability to predict students' boredom was not a social studies lesson. Other findings indicated that there is a negative and significant relationship between the quality of teaching and affective support of the teacher to the students' academic boredom in the social studies lesson and the ability to predict academic boredom.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of interaction of educational environment experiences with the mediation of epistemological beliefs on the research self-efficacy of graduate students of Chamran University of Ahwaz. The method of this study was correlation of path analysis. The statistical population consisted of all post-graduate students of humanities in Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz in 1395-96, That total number of them was 368. Of these, 315 people were selected as a research sampleby using stratified random sampling method. To collect the research data Questionnaires of educational-research environment Gravand(1391); Schumer's epistemological beliefs (1390) and research self-efficacy Salehi, (2011) were used. The results showed that the research model is compatible with the data collected from graduate students and the beliefs of epistemology are mediator the relationship between environmental experiences and research self-efficacy of students. Also, there was a direct relationship between the educational-research environment and all components of epistemological beliefs, including the belief in fast Learning. In addition, there was a direct relationship between all components of epistemological beliefs with research self-efficacy Instead of believing the certainty of knowledge, Also, there was a direct relationship between the educational-research environment and the research self-efficacy. In general, epistemological beliefs as an influential mediator can influence the research efficiency of students. Therefore, the central role of epistemological beliefs should be in the focus of interventions and planning associated with increasing the research self-efficacy of students.

Abstract The aim of Present study was the effectiveness of Training based on Acceptance and Commitment on cognitive emotion regulation and beliefs efficacy in the Female students. Study type was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest control group and the Follow up test. The study population consisted of all female undergraduate students of Razi University in the academic year 95-96. Of the population, 30 students were chosen according to Inclusion and exclusion criteria And with cluster sampling method assigned into tow experimental and control groups (each group n=15). The experimental group received 8 sessions Training based on Acceptance and Commitment weekly (each session 90 minute duration). The Instruments included cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ (and self-efficacy beliefs Scherrer questionnaire. Data analyzed with multiple analyze of covariance. The results showed that there is significant differences in level Posttest and Follow up between experimental and control groups in cognitive emotion regulation and beliefs efficacy (001/0> p).

Abstract This research was administered with the aim of studying the role of educational ethic in relationship between educational justice and injustice with educational cheating. Research statistical population was the psychology students of Islamic Azad University, Esfahan branch, Iran. Research instruments consisted of Golparvar’s (2010) educational ethic, educational justice and injustice, and educational cheating. Data which were gathered from research questionnaires were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results revealed that for educational cheating structural model, there is a positive significant relationship between educational justice with educational ethics, and between educational injustice with educational cheating, but there is a negative significant relationship between educational ethic and educational cheating (p<0.01). The results of current research revealed that educational justice through reinforcing educational ethic can decrease educational cheating. In contrast educational injustice can directly reinforce educational cheating.

Abstract The importance of childhood preschool education in qualifying children lives, their future educational performance, and post-education years is well documented. Yet, what demands more attention is the quality of the education children receive. In the context of Iran, it has been less the case that educational practices tailored to preschool levels are grounded in an explicit rationale. Even, in cases where a specific approach has been adopted, it has fallen prey to a comprehensive implementation and its realization has been a function of individual favors, conditions, and facilities. Overall, thematically speaking, it can be arguably claimed that present approaches are adult-oriented. Originally, the present work has evolved from hands-on experiences of the researcher with multidimensional planning plans during BA course, participation in related workshops, extensive study of relevant literature on the issue, and exploration of the impact of multidimensional curriculum-based pre-school education on flourishing social skills (as one of the key skills in our information and communication boom time) of pre-school children. The study was causal-comparative in design and Elliot and Garsham’s (1990) (SSRS) was used to collect data. The test has been normalized in the context of Iran by Beheshteh Abadi (1387). According to the findings of the study, there was a statistically significant difference between the control and experimental groups on the three social skill components of the test, suggesting the positive effect of multidimensional curriculum-based pre-school education on the development of children’s social skills in comparison to other prevalent procedures.